major gfx refactor from fixed function to shader based

demo/main.fnl

@@ -107,4 +107,6 @@
     (transition:render))
 
   (when (menu.is-paused)
-    (menu.draw))))
+    (pxl8.push_target)
+    (menu.draw)
+    (pxl8.pop_target))))

demo/mod/entities.fnl

@@ -168,9 +168,8 @@
 (fn render-fireball [x y z wireframe]
   (when fireball-mesh
     (pxl8.draw_mesh fireball-mesh {:x x :y y :z z
-                                    :passthrough true
+                                    :emissive true
-                                    :wireframe wireframe
+                                    :wireframe wireframe})))
-                                    :emissive 1.0})))
 
 {:FIREBALL_COLOR FIREBALL_COLOR
  :get-door-position get-door-position

demo/mod/first_person3d.fnl

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 (local pxl8 (require :pxl8))
 (local effects (require :pxl8.effects))
 (local net (require :pxl8.net))
-(local shader (require :pxl8.shader))
 
 (local colormap (require :mod.colormap))
 (local entities (require :mod.entities))
@@ -124,9 +123,7 @@
     (set lights (pxl8.create_lights)))
 
   (entities.init textures)
-
+  (sky.generate-stars)
-  (sky.generate-stars 12345)
-
   (preload)
 
   (when (not ceiling-tex)
@@ -136,22 +133,17 @@
   (when (not trim-tex)
     (set trim-tex (textures.wood-trim 77777 WOOD_COLOR)))
   (when (not wall-tex)
-    (set wall-tex (textures.cobble-timber 55555 STONE_WALL_START MOSS_COLOR WOOD_COLOR)))
+    (set wall-tex (textures.cobble-timber 55555 STONE_WALL_START MOSS_COLOR WOOD_COLOR))))
-
-  )
 
 (fn setup-materials []
-  (when (and world (not bsp-materials-setup) ceiling-tex floor-tex trim-tex wall-tex)
+  (when (and world (not bsp-materials-setup) floor-tex trim-tex wall-tex)
     (let [chunk (world:active_chunk)]
       (when (and chunk (chunk:ready))
-        (let [ceiling-mat (pxl8.create_material {:texture ceiling-tex})
+        (let [floor-mat (pxl8.create_material {:texture floor-tex :lighting true :double_sided true})
-              floor-mat (pxl8.create_material {:texture floor-tex :lighting true})
+              trim-mat (pxl8.create_material {:texture trim-tex :lighting true :double_sided true})
-              trim-mat (pxl8.create_material {:texture trim-tex :lighting true})
+              wall-mat (pxl8.create_material {:texture wall-tex :lighting true :double_sided true})]
-              wall-mat (pxl8.create_material {:texture wall-tex :lighting true})]
-
           (world:set_bsp_material 0 floor-mat)
           (world:set_bsp_material 1 wall-mat)
-          (world:set_bsp_material 2 ceiling-mat)
           (world:set_bsp_material 3 trim-mat)
           (set bsp-materials-setup true))))))
 
@@ -199,7 +191,7 @@
   (when (> portal-cooldown 0)
     (set portal-cooldown (- portal-cooldown dt)))
 
-  (when (and network (<= portal-cooldown 0))
+  (when (and world network (<= portal-cooldown 0))
     (let [chunk (world:active_chunk)
           in-bsp (not= chunk nil)
           (door-x door-z) (entities.get-door-position)
@@ -240,7 +232,7 @@
         expecting-bsp (> chunk-id 0)
         voxel-space (and (not chunk) (= chunk-id 0))
         ready (or voxel-space (and chunk (chunk:ready)))]
-  (when ready
+  (when world
     (let [input (sample-input)
           grid-max (if voxel-space 100000 (* grid-size chunk-size))
           movement-yaw cam-yaw]
@@ -322,10 +314,14 @@
         voxel-space (and world (not chunk) (not expecting-bsp))
         ready (or voxel-space (and chunk (chunk:ready)))]
 
+  (when (not camera)
+    (pxl8.text "camera nil" 5 30 12))
+  (when (not world)
+    (pxl8.text "world nil" 5 40 12))
   (when (and world (not ready))
-    (pxl8.text "Waiting for world data..." 5 30 12))
+    (pxl8.text (.. "Waiting... chunk=" (tostring chunk) " voxel=" (tostring voxel-space)) 5 50 12))
 
-  (when (and camera world ready)
+  (when (and camera world)
     (let [bob-offset (* (math.sin bob-time) bob-amount)
           eye-y (+ cam-y player-eye-height bob-offset land-squash)
           forward-x (- (math.sin cam-yaw))
@@ -353,19 +349,22 @@
             r2 (* 0.04 (math.sin (+ (* real-time 3.2) phase)))
             light-radius (* 150 (+ 0.95 r1 r2))]
         (lights:clear)
-        (lights:add light-x light-y light-z 0xFF8C32 light-intensity light-radius)
+        (lights:add light-x light-y light-z 0xFFB888 light-intensity light-radius)
+
+        (pxl8.push_target)
         (pxl8.begin_frame_3d camera lights {
-          :ambient 30
+          :ambient 25
           :fog_density 0.0
           :celestial_dir [0.5 -0.8 0.3]
-          :celestial_intensity 0.5})
+          :celestial_intensity 0.3})
         (pxl8.clear_depth)
 
         (sky.update-gradient 1 2 6 6 10 18)
         (sky.render smooth-cam-x eye-y smooth-cam-z (menu.is-wireframe))
+        (sky.render-stars smooth-cam-x eye-y smooth-cam-z 1.0 last-dt)
         (pxl8.clear_depth)
 
-        (world:set_wireframe (menu.is-wireframe))
+        (pxl8.set_wireframe (menu.is-wireframe))
         (world:render [smooth-cam-x eye-y smooth-cam-z])
 
         (when chunk
@@ -373,16 +372,10 @@
 
         (entities.render-door (menu.is-wireframe) (if voxel-space 128 0))
 
-        (pxl8.end_frame_3d))
+        (pxl8.end_frame_3d)
-
+        (pxl8.pop_target))
-        ;; TODO: shader needs to run at present time, not mid-frame
-        ;; (shader.begin_frame)
-        ;; (shader.run shader.presets.light_with_fog
-        ;;             {:fog_r 6 :fog_g 6 :fog_b 12
-        ;;              :fog_start 0.1 :fog_end 0.85})
-
-      (sky.render-stars smooth-cam-x eye-y smooth-cam-z 1.0 last-dt)
 
+      (pxl8.push_target)
       (let [cx (/ (pxl8.get_width) 2)
             cy (/ (pxl8.get_height) 2)
             crosshair-size 4
@@ -394,7 +387,8 @@
         (pxl8.text (.. "fps: " (string.format "%.0f" fps-avg)) 5 5 text-color)
         (pxl8.text (.. "pos: " (string.format "%.0f" cam-x) ","
                        (string.format "%.0f" cam-y) ","
-                       (string.format "%.0f" cam-z)) 5 15 text-color))))))
+                       (string.format "%.0f" cam-z)) 5 15 text-color))
+      (pxl8.pop_target)))))
 
 {:preload preload
  :is-connected is-connected

demo/mod/menu.fnl

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 (local net-mod (require :pxl8.net))
 
 (var paused false)
-(var wireframe false)
 (var gui nil)
 (var render-distance 3)
 (var sim-distance 4)
@@ -13,6 +12,11 @@
 (var current-items [])
 (var pending-action nil)
 
+(var baked-lighting true)
+(var dynamic-lighting true)
+(var textures true)
+(var wireframe false)
+
 (fn init []
   (set gui (pxl8.create_gui))
   (let [w (world-mod.World.get)]
@@ -100,24 +104,20 @@
       (or clicked (and is-selected (= pending-action label))))))
 
 (fn draw-main-menu []
-  (pxl8.gui_window 200 80 240 235 "pxl8 demo")
+  (pxl8.gui_window 200 80 240 200 "pxl8 demo")
 
   (when (menu-button 1 215 127 210 30 "Resume")
     (hide))
 
-  (let [wire-label (if wireframe "Wireframe: On" "Wireframe: Off")]
+  (when (menu-button 5 215 162 210 30 "GFX")
-    (when (menu-button 4 215 162 210 30 wire-label)
-      (set wireframe (not wireframe))))
-
-  (when (menu-button 5 215 197 210 30 "GFX")
     (set current-panel :gfx)
     (set selected-item nil))
 
-  (when (menu-button 6 215 232 210 30 "SFX")
+  (when (menu-button 6 215 197 210 30 "SFX")
     (set current-panel :sfx)
     (set selected-item nil))
 
-  (when (menu-button 2 215 267 210 30 "Quit")
+  (when (menu-button 2 215 232 210 30 "Quit")
     (pxl8.quit)))
 
 (fn draw-sfx-panel []
@@ -136,10 +136,18 @@
     (set selected-item nil)))
 
 (fn draw-gfx-panel []
-  (pxl8.gui_window 200 100 240 180 "GFX")
+  (pxl8.gui_window 200 60 240 220 "GFX")
 
-  (pxl8.gui_label 215 150 (.. "Render: " render-distance) 15)
+  (let [baked-label (if baked-lighting "Baked Lighting: On" "Baked Lighting: Off")]
-  (let [(changed new-val) (gui:slider_int 30 215 165 210 16 render-distance 1 8)]
+    (when (menu-button 40 215 107 210 24 baked-label)
+      (set baked-lighting (not baked-lighting))))
+
+  (let [dynamic-label (if dynamic-lighting "Dynamic Lighting: On" "Dynamic Lighting: Off")]
+    (when (menu-button 41 215 134 210 24 dynamic-label)
+      (set dynamic-lighting (not dynamic-lighting))))
+
+  (pxl8.gui_label 215 162 (.. "Render: " render-distance) 15)
+  (let [(changed new-val) (gui:slider_int 30 215 175 210 14 render-distance 1 8)]
     (when changed
       (set render-distance new-val)
       (let [w (world-mod.World.get)
@@ -147,16 +155,15 @@
         (when w (w:set_render_distance new-val))
         (when n (n:set_chunk_settings new-val sim-distance)))))
 
-  (pxl8.gui_label 215 190 (.. "Sim: " sim-distance) 15)
+  (let [tex-label (if textures "Textures: On" "Textures: Off")]
-  (let [(changed new-val) (gui:slider_int 31 215 205 210 16 sim-distance 1 8)]
+    (when (menu-button 42 215 194 210 24 tex-label)
-    (when changed
+      (set textures (not textures))))
-      (set sim-distance new-val)
-      (let [w (world-mod.World.get)
-            n (net-mod.get)]
-        (when w (w:set_sim_distance new-val))
-        (when n (n:set_chunk_settings render-distance new-val)))))
 
-  (when (menu-button 32 215 240 210 30 "Back")
+  (let [wire-label (if wireframe "Wireframe: On" "Wireframe: Off")]
+    (when (menu-button 43 215 221 210 24 wire-label)
+      (set wireframe (not wireframe))))
+
+  (when (menu-button 32 215 248 210 24 "Back")
     (set current-panel :main)
     (set selected-item nil)))
 
@@ -178,6 +185,9 @@
 
 {:init init
  :is-paused (fn [] paused)
+ :is-baked-lighting (fn [] baked-lighting)
+ :is-dynamic-lighting (fn [] dynamic-lighting)
+ :is-textures (fn [] textures)
  :is-wireframe (fn [] wireframe)
  :toggle toggle
  :show show

demo/mod/sky.fnl

@@ -176,7 +176,8 @@
 
   (set star-count (+ (length tiny-stars) (length random-stars)))
   (set star-directions (pxl8.create_vec3_array star-count))
-  (set star-glows (pxl8.create_glows 10000))
+  (when pxl8.create_glows
+    (set star-glows (pxl8.create_glows 10000)))
   (set star-projected (pxl8.create_vec3_array star-count))
 
   (var idx 0)
@@ -247,7 +248,7 @@
 (fn render [cam-x cam-y cam-z wireframe]
   (when (not sky-mesh) (create-sky-dome))
   (when sky-mesh
-    (pxl8.draw_mesh sky-mesh {:x cam-x :y cam-y :z cam-z :passthrough true :wireframe wireframe})))
+    (pxl8.draw_mesh sky-mesh {:x cam-x :y cam-y :z cam-z :wireframe wireframe})))
 
 {:render render
  :render-stars render-stars

pxl8.sh

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ if command -v ccache >/dev/null 2>&1; then
     CC="ccache $CC"
 fi
 
-CFLAGS="-std=c23 -Wall -Wextra"
+CFLAGS="-std=c23 -Wall -Wextra -Wno-missing-braces"
 LIBS="-lm"
 MODE="debug"
 BUILDDIR=".build"
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ fi
 case "$(uname)" in
     Linux)
         LINKER_FLAGS="$LINKER_FLAGS -rdynamic"
+        LIBS="$LIBS -ldl"
         ;;
     Darwin)
         export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET="$(sw_vers -productVersion | cut -d '.' -f 1)"
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ case "$(uname)" in
         ;;
     *)
         LINKER_FLAGS="$LINKER_FLAGS -rdynamic"
+        LIBS="$LIBS -ldl"
         ;;
 esac
 
@@ -59,6 +61,12 @@ build_luajit() {
 
 build_server() {
     local mode="$1"
+    local server_bin
+    if [[ "$mode" == "release" ]]; then
+        server_bin="pxl8d/target/release/pxl8d"
+    else
+        server_bin="pxl8d/target/debug/pxl8d"
+    fi
     if [[ -d "pxl8d" ]]; then
         print_info "Building pxl8d ($mode mode)"
         cd pxl8d
@@ -70,6 +78,8 @@ build_server() {
         local status=$?
         cd - > /dev/null
         if [[ $status -eq 0 ]]; then
+            mkdir -p "$BINDIR"
+            cp "$server_bin" "$BINDIR/pxl8d"
             print_info "Built pxl8d"
         else
             print_error "pxl8d build failed"
@@ -78,14 +88,7 @@ build_server() {
 }
 
 start_server() {
-    local mode="$1"
+    local server_bin="$BINDIR/pxl8d"
-    local server_bin
-    if [[ "$mode" == "release" ]]; then
-        server_bin="pxl8d/target/release/pxl8d"
-    else
-        server_bin="pxl8d/target/debug/pxl8d"
-    fi
-    print_info "Server mode: $mode, binary: $server_bin"
     if [[ -f "$server_bin" ]]; then
         print_info "Starting server..."
         ./$server_bin &
@@ -94,7 +97,7 @@ start_server() {
         sleep 0.5
     else
         print_error "pxl8d binary not found: $server_bin"
-        print_error "Build pxl8d first with: cd pxl8d && cargo build"
+        print_error "Build first with: ./pxl8.sh build"
     fi
 }
 
@@ -128,8 +131,17 @@ build_sdl() {
 }
 
 prefix_output() {
+    local in_warning=false
     while IFS= read -r line; do
         if [[ "$line" == *": warning:"* ]] || [[ "$line" == *": note:"* ]]; then
+            in_warning=true
+            echo -e "${YELLOW}${BOLD}[$(timestamp) WARN]${NC} $line" >&2
+        elif [[ "$line" == *": error:"* ]] || [[ "$line" == *": fatal error:"* ]]; then
+            in_warning=false
+            echo -e "${RED}${BOLD}[$(timestamp) ERROR]${NC} $line" >&2
+        elif [[ "$line" =~ ^[0-9]+\ (warning|error)s?\ generated ]] || [[ -z "$line" ]]; then
+            echo -e "${YELLOW}${BOLD}[$(timestamp) WARN]${NC} $line" >&2
+        elif $in_warning; then
             echo -e "${YELLOW}${BOLD}[$(timestamp) WARN]${NC} $line" >&2
         else
             echo -e "${RED}${BOLD}[$(timestamp) ERROR]${NC} $line" >&2
@@ -155,6 +167,54 @@ compile_source_file() {
     fi
 }
 
+compile_shaders() {
+    local build_mode="$1"
+    local shader_dir="src/gfx/shaders/cpu"
+    local so_dir=".build/$build_mode/shaders/cpu"
+    local obj_dir=".build/$build_mode/shaders/cpu/obj"
+
+    if [[ ! -d "$shader_dir" ]]; then
+        return 0
+    fi
+
+    [[ "$build_mode" == "debug" ]] && mkdir -p "$so_dir"
+    mkdir -p "$obj_dir"
+
+    local SHADER_INCLUDES="-Isrc/core -Isrc/gfx -Isrc/math"
+    case "$(uname)" in
+        Darwin) SO_EXT="dylib" ;;
+        *) SO_EXT="so" ;;
+    esac
+
+    # Compile C shaders directly
+    for shader in $(find "$shader_dir" -maxdepth 1 -name "*.c" 2>/dev/null); do
+        local shader_name=$(basename "${shader%.c}")
+        local so_file="$so_dir/${shader_name}.$SO_EXT"
+        local obj_file="$obj_dir/${shader_name}.o"
+
+        # Debug: compile to .so for hot-reload
+        if [[ "$build_mode" == "debug" ]]; then
+            if [[ "$shader" -nt "$so_file" ]] || [[ ! -f "$so_file" ]]; then
+                $CC -shared -fPIC -O2 $SHADER_INCLUDES "$shader" -o "$so_file" 2>&1 | prefix_output || {
+                    print_error "Shader build failed: $shader_name"
+                }
+            fi
+        fi
+
+        # Compile to .o for release static linking
+        if [[ "$shader" -nt "$obj_file" ]] || [[ ! -f "$obj_file" ]]; then
+            $CC -c -O2 $SHADER_INCLUDES "$shader" -o "$obj_file" 2>&1 | prefix_output || {
+                print_error "Shader compile failed: $shader_name"
+            }
+        fi
+    done
+
+    # Export shader object files for linking
+    SHADER_OBJECTS=""
+    for obj in $(find "$obj_dir" -name "*.o" 2>/dev/null); do
+        SHADER_OBJECTS="$SHADER_OBJECTS $obj"
+    done
+}
 
 make_lib_dirs() {
     mkdir -p lib/linenoise lib/fennel lib/miniz
@@ -180,15 +240,17 @@ print_usage() {
     echo "    clean        Remove build artifacts"
     echo "    help         Show this help message"
     echo "    install      Install pxl8 to ~/.local/bin"
+    echo "    profile      Profile with perf and generate flamegraph (Linux)"
     echo "    run          Build and run pxl8 (optional: cart.pxc or folder)"
     echo "    update       Download/update all dependencies"
     echo "    vendor       Fetch source for dependencies (ex. SDL3)"
     echo
     echo -e "${BOLD}OPTIONS:${NC}"
-    echo "    --all        Clean both build artifacts and dependencies"
+    echo "    --all           Clean both build artifacts and dependencies"
-    echo "    --cache      Clear ccache (use with clean)"
+    echo "    --cache         Clear ccache (use with clean)"
-    echo "    --deps       Clean only dependencies"
+    echo "    --deps          Clean only dependencies"
-    echo "    --release    Build/run/clean in release mode (default: debug)"
+    echo "    --duration=N    Profile duration in seconds (default: 30)"
+    echo "    --release       Build/run/clean in release mode (default: debug)"
 }
 
 setup_sdl3() {
@@ -264,6 +326,20 @@ update_fennel() {
     fi
 }
 
+update_flamegraph() {
+    print_info "Fetching FlameGraph"
+
+    if [[ -d "lib/FlameGraph/.git" ]]; then
+        cd lib/FlameGraph && git pull --quiet origin master
+        cd - > /dev/null
+    else
+        rm -rf lib/FlameGraph
+        git clone --quiet https://github.com/brendangregg/FlameGraph.git lib/FlameGraph
+    fi
+
+    print_info "Updated FlameGraph"
+}
+
 update_linenoise() {
     print_info "Fetching linenoise"
 
@@ -328,6 +404,7 @@ update_sdl() {
     print_info "Updated SDL3"
 }
 
+
 COMMAND="$1"
 shift || true
 
@@ -399,7 +476,7 @@ case "$COMMAND" in
             print_info "Compiler cache: ccache enabled"
         fi
 
-        INCLUDES="-Isrc/asset -Isrc/bsp -Isrc/core -Isrc/gfx -Isrc/gui -Isrc/hal -Isrc/math -Isrc/net -Isrc/procgen -Isrc/script -Isrc/sfx -Isrc/sim -Isrc/vxl -Isrc/world -Ilib/linenoise -Ilib/luajit/src -Ilib/miniz"
+        INCLUDES="-Isrc/asset -Isrc/bsp -Isrc/core -Isrc/gfx -Isrc/gui -Isrc/hal -Isrc/math -Isrc/net -Isrc/procgen -Isrc/script -Isrc/shader -Isrc/sfx -Isrc/sim -Isrc/vxl -Isrc/world -Ilib/linenoise -Ilib/luajit/src -Ilib/miniz -I.build/shaders/c"
         COMPILE_FLAGS="$CFLAGS $INCLUDES"
         DEP_COMPILE_FLAGS="$DEP_CFLAGS $INCLUDES"
 
@@ -424,11 +501,12 @@ case "$COMMAND" in
             src/gfx/pxl8_atlas.c
             src/gfx/pxl8_blit.c
             src/gfx/pxl8_colormap.c
-            src/gfx/pxl8_cpu.c
             src/gfx/pxl8_dither.c
+            src/gfx/pxl8_render.c
+            src/gfx/pxl8_shader_registry.c
+            src/gfx/pxl8_shader_runtime.c
             src/gfx/pxl8_font.c
             src/gfx/pxl8_gfx.c
-            src/gfx/pxl8_glows.c
             src/gfx/pxl8_lightmap.c
             src/gfx/pxl8_lights.c
             src/gfx/pxl8_mesh.c
@@ -461,11 +539,11 @@ case "$COMMAND" in
         LUAJIT_LIB="lib/luajit/src/libluajit.a"
         OBJECT_DIR="$BUILDDIR/obj"
         mkdir -p "$OBJECT_DIR"
-        
+
         OBJECTS=""
         NEED_LINK=false
         SOURCES_COMPILED=""
-        
+
         for src_file in $LIB_SOURCE_FILES; do
             obj_name=$(basename "$src_file" .c).o
             obj_file="$OBJECT_DIR/$obj_name"
@@ -477,7 +555,9 @@ case "$COMMAND" in
                 SOURCES_COMPILED="yes"
             fi
         done
-        
+
+        compile_shaders "$MODE"
+
         for src_file in $PXL8_SOURCE_FILES; do
             obj_name=$(basename "$src_file" .c).o
             obj_file="$OBJECT_DIR/$obj_name"
@@ -509,7 +589,7 @@ case "$COMMAND" in
         
         if [[ "$LUAJIT_LIB" -nt "$EXECUTABLE" ]] || [[ "$NEED_LINK" == true ]]; then
             print_info "Linking executable"
-            if ! $CC $LINKER_FLAGS $OBJECTS $LUAJIT_LIB $LIBS -o "$EXECUTABLE"; then
+            if ! $CC $LINKER_FLAGS $OBJECTS $SHADER_OBJECTS $LUAJIT_LIB $LIBS -o "$EXECUTABLE"; then
                 print_error "Linking failed"
                 exit 1
             fi
@@ -578,7 +658,7 @@ case "$COMMAND" in
 
         if [[ "$CLEAN_ALL" == true ]]; then
             print_info "Removing build artifacts and dependencies"
-            rm -rf "$BUILD_PATH" "$BIN_PATH" lib
+            rm -rf "$BUILD_PATH" "$BIN_PATH" .build/shaders lib
             clean_server
             print_info "Cleaned all"
         elif [[ "$CLEAN_DEPS" == true ]]; then
@@ -587,7 +667,7 @@ case "$COMMAND" in
             print_info "Cleaned dependencies"
         else
             print_info "Removing build artifacts"
-            rm -rf "$BUILD_PATH" "$BIN_PATH"
+            rm -rf "$BUILD_PATH" "$BIN_PATH" .build/shaders
             clean_server
             print_info "Cleaned"
         fi
@@ -626,6 +706,72 @@ case "$COMMAND" in
         bash tools/aseprite/pxl8-ase.sh "$@"
         ;;
 
+    profile)
+        if [[ "$(uname)" != "Linux" ]]; then
+            print_error "Profiling with perf is only supported on Linux"
+            exit 1
+        fi
+
+        if ! command -v perf >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+            print_error "perf not found. Install linux-tools or perf package."
+            exit 1
+        fi
+
+        if [[ ! -d "lib/FlameGraph" ]]; then
+            mkdir -p lib
+            update_flamegraph
+        fi
+
+        "$0" build || exit 1
+
+        PROFILE_DIR=".build/debug/profile"
+        mkdir -p "$PROFILE_DIR"
+
+        CART=""
+        PERF_DURATION=30
+        for arg in "$@"; do
+            if [[ "$arg" =~ ^--duration=([0-9]+)$ ]]; then
+                PERF_DURATION="${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"
+            elif [[ "$arg" != "--release" ]] && [[ -z "$CART" ]]; then
+                CART="$arg"
+            fi
+        done
+
+        [[ -z "$CART" ]] && CART="demo"
+
+        TIMESTAMP=$(date +"%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
+        PERF_DATA="$PROFILE_DIR/perf_${TIMESTAMP}.data"
+        PERF_SCRIPT="$PROFILE_DIR/perf_${TIMESTAMP}.perf"
+        FOLDED="$PROFILE_DIR/perf_${TIMESTAMP}.folded"
+        SVG="$PROFILE_DIR/flamegraph_${TIMESTAMP}.svg"
+
+        print_info "Starting server..."
+        ./bin/debug/pxl8d &
+        SERVER_PID=$!
+        sleep 0.5
+
+        trap "kill $SERVER_PID 2>/dev/null; wait $SERVER_PID 2>/dev/null" EXIT
+
+        print_info "Profiling pxl8 for ${PERF_DURATION}s (Ctrl+C to stop early)..."
+        perf record -F 99 -g --call-graph dwarf -o "$PERF_DATA" -- \
+            timeout "${PERF_DURATION}s" ./bin/debug/pxl8 "$CART" 2>/dev/null || true
+
+        print_info "Processing profile data..."
+        perf script -i "$PERF_DATA" > "$PERF_SCRIPT"
+
+        print_info "Generating flamegraph..."
+        lib/FlameGraph/stackcollapse-perf.pl "$PERF_SCRIPT" > "$FOLDED"
+        lib/FlameGraph/flamegraph.pl --cp --colors orange --title "pxl8 profile" "$FOLDED" > "$SVG"
+
+        rm -f "$PERF_DATA" "$PERF_SCRIPT" "$FOLDED"
+
+        print_info "Flamegraph: $SVG"
+
+        if command -v xdg-open >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+            xdg-open "$SVG" 2>/dev/null &
+        fi
+        ;;
+
     help|--help|-h|"")
         print_usage
         ;;

pxl8d/build.rs

@@ -36,9 +36,8 @@ fn main() {
 
     let bindings = bindgen::Builder::default()
         .header(pxl8_src.join("core/pxl8_log.h").to_str().unwrap())
-        .header(pxl8_src.join("sim/pxl8_sim.h").to_str().unwrap())
-        .header(pxl8_src.join("vxl/pxl8_vxl.h").to_str().unwrap())
         .header(pxl8_src.join("math/pxl8_noise.h").to_str().unwrap())
+        .header(pxl8_src.join("sim/pxl8_sim.h").to_str().unwrap())
         .clang_arg(format!("-I{}", pxl8_src.join("bsp").display()))
         .clang_arg(format!("-I{}", pxl8_src.join("core").display()))
         .clang_arg(format!("-I{}", pxl8_src.join("math").display()))
@@ -50,6 +49,11 @@ fn main() {
         .blocklist_item("FP_ZERO")
         .blocklist_item("FP_SUBNORMAL")
         .blocklist_item("FP_NORMAL")
+        .blocklist_type("pxl8_vec2")
+        .blocklist_type("pxl8_vec3")
+        .blocklist_type("pxl8_vec4")
+        .blocklist_type("pxl8_mat4")
+        .raw_line("pub use crate::math::{pxl8_vec2, pxl8_vec3, pxl8_vec4, pxl8_mat4};")
         .clang_arg("-DPXL8_NO_SIMD")
         .use_core()
         .rustified_enum(".*")

pxl8d/src/bsp.rs

@@ -101,6 +101,38 @@ impl Default for CellPortals {
     }
 }
 
+impl Clone for Face {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            first_edge: self.first_edge,
+            lightmap_offset: self.lightmap_offset,
+            num_edges: self.num_edges,
+            plane_id: self.plane_id,
+            side: self.side,
+            styles: self.styles,
+            material_id: self.material_id,
+            aabb_min: self.aabb_min,
+            aabb_max: self.aabb_max,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Clone for Plane {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            dist: self.dist,
+            normal: self.normal,
+            type_: self.type_,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Clone for Vertex {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Self { position: self.position }
+    }
+}
+
 pub struct Bsp {
     inner: pxl8_bsp,
     pub cell_portals: Box<[CellPortals]>,

pxl8d/src/math.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,43 @@
 use core::ops::{Add, Mul, Sub};
 
-use crate::pxl8::pxl8_vec3;
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
+pub struct Vec2 {
+    pub x: f32,
+    pub y: f32,
+}
 
-pub type Vec3 = pxl8_vec3;
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
+pub struct Vec3 {
+    pub x: f32,
+    pub y: f32,
+    pub z: f32,
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
+pub struct Vec4 {
+    pub x: f32,
+    pub y: f32,
+    pub z: f32,
+    pub w: f32,
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
+pub struct Mat4 {
+    pub m: [f32; 16],
+}
+
+#[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
+pub type pxl8_vec2 = Vec2;
+#[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
+pub type pxl8_vec3 = Vec3;
+#[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
+pub type pxl8_vec4 = Vec4;
+#[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
+pub type pxl8_mat4 = Mat4;
 
 pub const VEC3_ZERO: Vec3 = Vec3 { x: 0.0, y: 0.0, z: 0.0 };
 pub const VEC3_Y: Vec3 = Vec3 { x: 0.0, y: 1.0, z: 0.0 };

pxl8d/src/procgen.rs

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use libm::sqrtf;
 
 use crate::bsp::{Bsp, BspBuilder, CellPortals, Edge, Face, Leaf, Node, Plane, Portal, Vertex};
 use crate::math::{Vec3, Vec3Ext};
+use crate::pxl8::{pxl8_vec3_cross, pxl8_vec3_dot, pxl8_vec3_normalize, pxl8_vec3_scale, pxl8_vec3_add, pxl8_vec3_sub};
 
 pub const CELL_SIZE: f32 = 64.0;
 pub const WALL_HEIGHT: f32 = 128.0;
@@ -402,36 +403,139 @@ fn build_pvs_data(bsp: &mut BspBuilder, portals: &[CellPortals]) {
     bsp.visdata = visdata;
 }
 
+const AO_NUM_SAMPLES: usize = 16;
+const AO_RAY_LENGTH: f32 = 48.0;
+
+fn generate_hemisphere_samples(normal: Vec3) -> [Vec3; AO_NUM_SAMPLES] {
+    let tangent = if normal.y.abs() < 0.9 {
+        unsafe { pxl8_vec3_normalize(pxl8_vec3_cross(normal, Vec3::new(0.0, 1.0, 0.0))) }
+    } else {
+        unsafe { pxl8_vec3_normalize(pxl8_vec3_cross(normal, Vec3::new(1.0, 0.0, 0.0))) }
+    };
+    let bitangent = unsafe { pxl8_vec3_cross(normal, tangent) };
+
+    let mut samples = [Vec3::new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0); AO_NUM_SAMPLES];
+    for i in 0..AO_NUM_SAMPLES {
+        let phi = (i as f32 / AO_NUM_SAMPLES as f32) * core::f32::consts::TAU;
+        let theta = ((i as f32 + 0.5) / AO_NUM_SAMPLES as f32) * (core::f32::consts::PI * 0.45);
+        let (sin_phi, cos_phi) = (libm::sinf(phi), libm::cosf(phi));
+        let (sin_theta, cos_theta) = (libm::sinf(theta), libm::cosf(theta));
+
+        let local_x = sin_theta * cos_phi;
+        let local_y = cos_theta;
+        let local_z = sin_theta * sin_phi;
+
+        unsafe {
+            let t_contrib = pxl8_vec3_scale(tangent, local_x);
+            let n_contrib = pxl8_vec3_scale(normal, local_y);
+            let b_contrib = pxl8_vec3_scale(bitangent, local_z);
+            samples[i] = pxl8_vec3_normalize(pxl8_vec3_add(pxl8_vec3_add(t_contrib, n_contrib), b_contrib));
+        }
+    }
+    samples
+}
+
+fn ray_triangle_intersect(origin: Vec3, dir: Vec3, v0: Vec3, v1: Vec3, v2: Vec3, max_dist: f32) -> bool {
+    let edge1 = unsafe { pxl8_vec3_sub(v1, v0) };
+    let edge2 = unsafe { pxl8_vec3_sub(v2, v0) };
+    let h = unsafe { pxl8_vec3_cross(dir, edge2) };
+    let a = unsafe { pxl8_vec3_dot(edge1, h) };
+
+    if a > -0.0001 && a < 0.0001 {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    let f = 1.0 / a;
+    let s = unsafe { pxl8_vec3_sub(origin, v0) };
+    let u = f * unsafe { pxl8_vec3_dot(s, h) };
+    if u < 0.0 || u > 1.0 {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    let q = unsafe { pxl8_vec3_cross(s, edge1) };
+    let v = f * unsafe { pxl8_vec3_dot(dir, q) };
+    if v < 0.0 || u + v > 1.0 {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    let t = f * unsafe { pxl8_vec3_dot(edge2, q) };
+    t > 0.001 && t < max_dist
+}
+
+fn compute_vertex_ao(bsp: &BspBuilder, pos: Vec3, normal: Vec3) -> f32 {
+    let samples = generate_hemisphere_samples(normal);
+    let offset_pos = unsafe { pxl8_vec3_add(pos, pxl8_vec3_scale(normal, 0.5)) };
+
+    let mut occluded = 0;
+
+    for sample_dir in &samples {
+        'face_loop: for face in &bsp.faces {
+            if face.num_edges < 3 {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            let mut verts = [Vec3::new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0); 4];
+            let mut num_verts = 0usize;
+
+            for e in 0..face.num_edges.min(4) {
+                let surfedge_idx = (face.first_edge + e as u32) as usize;
+                if surfedge_idx >= bsp.surfedges.len() {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                let edge_idx = bsp.surfedges[surfedge_idx];
+                let vert_idx = if edge_idx >= 0 {
+                    let ei = edge_idx as usize;
+                    if ei >= bsp.edges.len() { continue; }
+                    bsp.edges[ei].vertex[0] as usize
+                } else {
+                    let ei = (-edge_idx) as usize;
+                    if ei >= bsp.edges.len() { continue; }
+                    bsp.edges[ei].vertex[1] as usize
+                };
+
+                if vert_idx < bsp.vertices.len() {
+                    verts[num_verts] = bsp.vertices[vert_idx].position;
+                    num_verts += 1;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if num_verts >= 3 {
+                if ray_triangle_intersect(offset_pos, *sample_dir, verts[0], verts[1], verts[2], AO_RAY_LENGTH) {
+                    occluded += 1;
+                    break 'face_loop;
+                }
+                if num_verts == 4 {
+                    if ray_triangle_intersect(offset_pos, *sample_dir, verts[0], verts[2], verts[3], AO_RAY_LENGTH) {
+                        occluded += 1;
+                        break 'face_loop;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    1.0 - (occluded as f32 / AO_NUM_SAMPLES as f32)
+}
+
 fn compute_vertex_light(
     pos: Vec3,
     normal: Vec3,
     lights: &[LightSource],
-    ambient: f32,
 ) -> f32 {
-    let mut total = ambient;
+    let mut total = 0.0;
 
     for light in lights {
-        let to_light = Vec3::new(
+        let to_light = unsafe { pxl8_vec3_sub(light.position, pos) };
-            light.position.x - pos.x,
+        let dist = unsafe { pxl8_vec3_dot(to_light, to_light) };
-            light.position.y - pos.y,
+        let dist = sqrtf(dist).max(1.0);
-            light.position.z - pos.z,
-        );
-
-        let dist_sq = to_light.x * to_light.x + to_light.y * to_light.y + to_light.z * to_light.z;
-        let dist = sqrtf(dist_sq).max(1.0);
 
         if dist > light.radius {
             continue;
         }
 
-        let inv_dist = 1.0 / dist;
+        let light_dir = unsafe { pxl8_vec3_normalize(to_light) };
-        let light_dir = Vec3::new(
+        let ndotl = unsafe { pxl8_vec3_dot(normal, light_dir) }.max(0.0);
-            to_light.x * inv_dist,
-            to_light.y * inv_dist,
-            to_light.z * inv_dist,
-        );
-
-        let ndotl = (normal.x * light_dir.x + normal.y * light_dir.y + normal.z * light_dir.z).max(0.0);
 
         let attenuation = (1.0 - dist / light.radius).max(0.0);
         let attenuation = attenuation * attenuation;
@@ -442,12 +546,13 @@ fn compute_vertex_light(
     total.min(1.0)
 }
 
-fn compute_bsp_vertex_lighting(bsp: &mut BspBuilder, lights: &[LightSource], ambient: f32) {
+fn compute_bsp_vertex_lighting(bsp: &mut BspBuilder, lights: &[LightSource]) {
     if bsp.vertices.is_empty() {
         return;
     }
 
     bsp.vertex_lights = vec![0u32; bsp.vertices.len()];
+    let mut vertex_normals: Vec<Option<Vec3>> = vec![None; bsp.vertices.len()];
 
     for f in 0..bsp.faces.len() {
         let face = &bsp.faces[f];
@@ -478,13 +583,27 @@ fn compute_bsp_vertex_lighting(bsp: &mut BspBuilder, lights: &[LightSource], amb
                 continue;
             }
 
-            let pos = bsp.vertices[vert_idx].position;
+            vertex_normals[vert_idx] = Some(normal);
-            let light = compute_vertex_light(pos, normal, lights, ambient);
 
-            let light_byte = (light * 255.0) as u8;
+            let pos = bsp.vertices[vert_idx].position;
-            bsp.vertex_lights[vert_idx] = ((light_byte as u32) << 24) | 0x00FFFFFF;
+            let direct = compute_vertex_light(pos, normal, lights);
+            let direct_byte = ((direct * 255.0).min(255.0)) as u8;
+
+            bsp.vertex_lights[vert_idx] = (bsp.vertex_lights[vert_idx] & 0x00FFFFFF) | ((direct_byte as u32) << 24);
         }
     }
+
+    for vert_idx in 0..bsp.vertices.len() {
+        let normal = match vertex_normals[vert_idx] {
+            Some(n) => n,
+            None => continue,
+        };
+        let pos = bsp.vertices[vert_idx].position;
+        let ao = compute_vertex_ao(bsp, pos, normal);
+        let ao_byte = ((ao * 255.0).min(255.0)) as u8;
+
+        bsp.vertex_lights[vert_idx] = (bsp.vertex_lights[vert_idx] & 0xFF00FFFF) | ((ao_byte as u32) << 16);
+    }
 }
 
 fn grid_to_bsp(bsp: &mut BspBuilder, grid: &RoomGrid) {
@@ -926,17 +1045,27 @@ pub fn generate_rooms(params: &ProcgenParams) -> Bsp {
     grid_to_bsp(&mut bsp, &grid);
 
     let light_height = 80.0;
-    let lights: Vec<LightSource> = rooms.iter().map(|room| {
+    let fireball_pos = Vec3::new(384.0, light_height, 324.0);
+    let fireball_exclusion_radius = 150.0;
+
+    let lights: Vec<LightSource> = rooms.iter().filter_map(|room| {
         let cx = (room.x as f32 + room.w as f32 / 2.0) * CELL_SIZE;
-        let cy = (room.y as f32 + room.h as f32 / 2.0) * CELL_SIZE;
+        let cz = (room.y as f32 + room.h as f32 / 2.0) * CELL_SIZE;
-        LightSource {
+
-            position: Vec3::new(cx, light_height, cy),
+        let dx = cx - fireball_pos.x;
-            intensity: 0.8,
+        let dz = cz - fireball_pos.z;
-            radius: 300.0,
+        if dx * dx + dz * dz < fireball_exclusion_radius * fireball_exclusion_radius {
+            return None;
         }
+
+        Some(LightSource {
+            position: Vec3::new(cx, light_height, cz),
+            intensity: 1.8,
+            radius: 160.0,
+        })
     }).collect();
 
-    compute_bsp_vertex_lighting(&mut bsp, &lights, 0.1);
+    compute_bsp_vertex_lighting(&mut bsp, &lights);
 
     bsp.into()
 }

pxl8d/src/sim.rs

@@ -28,6 +28,20 @@ impl Default for Entity {
     }
 }
 
+impl Clone for Entity {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            pos: self.pos,
+            vel: self.vel,
+            yaw: self.yaw,
+            pitch: self.pitch,
+            flags: self.flags,
+            kind: self.kind,
+            _pad: self._pad,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 pub struct Simulation {
     pub entities: Vec<Entity>,
     pub free_list: Vec<u32>,

src/asset/pxl8_embed.h

@@ -27,12 +27,8 @@ static const char embed_pxl8_effects[] = {
 #embed "src/lua/pxl8/effects.lua"
 , 0 };
 
-static const char embed_pxl8_gfx2d[] = {
+static const char embed_pxl8_gfx[] = {
-#embed "src/lua/pxl8/gfx2d.lua"
+#embed "src/lua/pxl8/gfx.lua"
-, 0 };
-
-static const char embed_pxl8_gfx3d[] = {
-#embed "src/lua/pxl8/gfx3d.lua"
 , 0 };
 
 static const char embed_pxl8_gui[] = {
@@ -86,8 +82,7 @@ static const pxl8_embed pxl8_embeds[] = {
     PXL8_EMBED_ENTRY(embed_pxl8_bytes,      "pxl8.bytes"),
     PXL8_EMBED_ENTRY(embed_pxl8_core,       "pxl8.core"),
     PXL8_EMBED_ENTRY(embed_pxl8_effects,    "pxl8.effects"),
-    PXL8_EMBED_ENTRY(embed_pxl8_gfx2d,      "pxl8.gfx2d"),
+    PXL8_EMBED_ENTRY(embed_pxl8_gfx,        "pxl8.gfx"),
-    PXL8_EMBED_ENTRY(embed_pxl8_gfx3d,      "pxl8.gfx3d"),
     PXL8_EMBED_ENTRY(embed_pxl8_gui,        "pxl8.gui"),
     PXL8_EMBED_ENTRY(embed_pxl8_input,      "pxl8.input"),
     PXL8_EMBED_ENTRY(embed_pxl8_math,       "pxl8.math"),

src/bsp/pxl8_bsp_render.c

@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ static screen_rect project_portal_to_screen(const pxl8_bsp_portal* portal, const
 }
 
 static void collect_face_to_mesh(const pxl8_bsp* bsp, const pxl8_bsp_render_state* state,
-                                 u32 face_id, pxl8_mesh* mesh) {
+                                 u32 face_id, pxl8_mesh* mesh, u8 ambient) {
     const pxl8_bsp_face* face = &bsp->faces[face_id];
     if (face->num_edges < 3) return;
 
@@ -179,7 +179,11 @@ static void collect_face_to_mesh(const pxl8_bsp* bsp, const pxl8_bsp_render_stat
 
         u8 light = 255;
         if (bsp->vertex_lights && vert_idx < bsp->num_vertex_lights) {
-            light = (bsp->vertex_lights[vert_idx] >> 24) & 0xFF;
+            u32 packed = bsp->vertex_lights[vert_idx];
+            u8 direct = (packed >> 24) & 0xFF;
+            u8 ao = (packed >> 16) & 0xFF;
+            f32 combined = (f32)direct + ((f32)ambient / 255.0f) * (f32)ao;
+            light = (u8)(combined > 255.0f ? 255.0f : combined);
         }
 
         pxl8_vertex vtx = {
@@ -230,7 +234,7 @@ void pxl8_bsp_render_face(pxl8_gfx* gfx, const pxl8_bsp* bsp, u32 face_id, const
     pxl8_mesh* mesh = pxl8_mesh_create(64, 192);
     if (!mesh) return;
 
-    collect_face_to_mesh(bsp, NULL, face_id, mesh);
+    collect_face_to_mesh(bsp, NULL, face_id, mesh, pxl8_gfx_get_ambient(gfx));
 
     if (mesh->index_count > 0) {
         pxl8_mat4 identity = pxl8_mat4_identity();
@@ -242,15 +246,8 @@ void pxl8_bsp_render_face(pxl8_gfx* gfx, const pxl8_bsp* bsp, u32 face_id, const
 
 void pxl8_bsp_render(pxl8_gfx* gfx, const pxl8_bsp* bsp,
                      pxl8_bsp_render_state* state, pxl8_vec3 camera_pos) {
-    if (!gfx || !bsp || !state || bsp->num_faces == 0) {
+    if (!gfx || !bsp || !state || bsp->num_faces == 0) return;
-        return;
+    if (!state->materials || state->num_materials == 0) return;
-    }
-    if (!bsp->cell_portals || bsp->num_cell_portals == 0) {
-        return;
-    }
-    if (!state->materials || state->num_materials == 0) {
-        return;
-    }
 
     const pxl8_frustum* frustum = pxl8_3d_get_frustum(gfx);
     const pxl8_mat4* vp = pxl8_3d_get_view_proj(gfx);
@@ -259,6 +256,38 @@ void pxl8_bsp_render(pxl8_gfx* gfx, const pxl8_bsp* bsp,
     i32 camera_leaf = pxl8_bsp_find_leaf(bsp, camera_pos);
     if (camera_leaf < 0 || (u32)camera_leaf >= bsp->num_leafs) return;
 
+    if (!bsp->cell_portals || bsp->num_cell_portals == 0) {
+        pxl8_mesh* mesh = pxl8_mesh_create(8192, 16384);
+        if (!mesh) return;
+
+        u32 current_material = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+
+        for (u32 face_id = 0; face_id < bsp->num_faces; face_id++) {
+            if (!face_in_frustum(bsp, face_id, frustum)) continue;
+
+            const pxl8_bsp_face* face = &bsp->faces[face_id];
+            u32 material_id = face->material_id;
+            if (material_id >= state->num_materials) continue;
+
+            if (material_id != current_material && mesh->index_count > 0 && current_material < state->num_materials) {
+                pxl8_mat4 identity = pxl8_mat4_identity();
+                pxl8_3d_draw_mesh(gfx, mesh, &identity, &state->materials[current_material]);
+                pxl8_mesh_clear(mesh);
+            }
+
+            current_material = material_id;
+            collect_face_to_mesh(bsp, state, face_id, mesh, pxl8_gfx_get_ambient(gfx));
+        }
+
+        if (mesh->index_count > 0 && current_material < state->num_materials) {
+            pxl8_mat4 identity = pxl8_mat4_identity();
+            pxl8_3d_draw_mesh(gfx, mesh, &identity, &state->materials[current_material]);
+        }
+
+        pxl8_mesh_destroy(mesh);
+        return;
+    }
+
     if (!state->render_face_flags && state->num_faces > 0) {
         state->render_face_flags = pxl8_calloc(state->num_faces, 1);
         if (!state->render_face_flags) return;
@@ -370,7 +399,7 @@ void pxl8_bsp_render(pxl8_gfx* gfx, const pxl8_bsp* bsp,
             }
 
             current_material = material_id;
-            collect_face_to_mesh(bsp, state, face_id, mesh);
+            collect_face_to_mesh(bsp, state, face_id, mesh, pxl8_gfx_get_ambient(gfx));
         }
     }
 
@@ -420,10 +449,3 @@ void pxl8_bsp_set_material(pxl8_bsp_render_state* state, u16 material_id, const
     state->materials[material_id].u_offset = u_offset;
     state->materials[material_id].v_offset = v_offset;
 }
-
-void pxl8_bsp_set_wireframe(pxl8_bsp_render_state* state, bool wireframe) {
-    if (!state || !state->materials) return;
-    for (u32 i = 0; i < state->num_materials; i++) {
-        state->materials[i].wireframe = wireframe;
-    }
-}

src/bsp/pxl8_bsp_render.h

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ void pxl8_bsp_render_face(pxl8_gfx* gfx, const pxl8_bsp* bsp, u32 face_id,
                           const pxl8_gfx_material* material);
 void pxl8_bsp_set_material(pxl8_bsp_render_state* state, u16 material_id,
                            const pxl8_gfx_material* material);
-void pxl8_bsp_set_wireframe(pxl8_bsp_render_state* state, bool wireframe);
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }

src/core/pxl8.c

@@ -393,13 +393,16 @@ pxl8_result pxl8_update(pxl8* sys) {
     }
 
 #ifdef PXL8_ASYNC_THREADS
-    if (game->world && (pxl8_world_local_player(game->world))) {
+    if (game->world) {
         pxl8_input_msg msg = {0};
         msg.move_x = (pxl8_key_down(&game->input, "d") ? 1.0f : 0.0f) - (pxl8_key_down(&game->input, "a") ? 1.0f : 0.0f);
         msg.move_y = (pxl8_key_down(&game->input, "w") ? 1.0f : 0.0f) - (pxl8_key_down(&game->input, "s") ? 1.0f : 0.0f);
-        msg.look_dx = (f32)pxl8_mouse_dx(&game->input);
+        if (game->input.mouse_relative_mode) {
-        msg.look_dy = (f32)pxl8_mouse_dy(&game->input);
+            msg.look_dx = (f32)pxl8_mouse_dx(&game->input);
+            msg.look_dy = (f32)pxl8_mouse_dy(&game->input);
+        }
         msg.buttons = pxl8_key_down(&game->input, "space") ? 1 : 0;
+
         pxl8_world_push_input(game->world, &msg);
     }
     pxl8_net_update(game->net, dt);
@@ -409,7 +412,6 @@ pxl8_result pxl8_update(pxl8* sys) {
         pxl8_net_update(game->net, dt);
         pxl8_world_sync(game->world, game->net);
     }
-
     pxl8_world_update(game->world, &game->input, dt);
 #endif
 
@@ -563,9 +565,6 @@ void pxl8_set_relative_mouse_mode(pxl8* sys, bool enabled) {
     sys->hal->set_relative_mouse_mode(sys->platform_data, enabled);
     if (sys->game) {
         sys->game->input.mouse_relative_mode = enabled;
-#ifdef PXL8_ASYNC_THREADS
-        pxl8_world_pause_sim(sys->game->world, !enabled);
-#endif
     }
 }
 

src/core/pxl8_macros.h

@@ -2,6 +2,14 @@
 
 #include <string.h>
 
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+#define pxl8_likely(x)   __builtin_expect(!!(x), 1)
+#define pxl8_unlikely(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x), 0)
+#else
+#define pxl8_likely(x)   (x)
+#define pxl8_unlikely(x) (x)
+#endif
+
 #ifndef pxl8_min
 #define pxl8_min(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
 #endif

src/gfx/pxl8_atlas.h

@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ typedef struct pxl8_atlas pxl8_atlas;
 
 typedef struct pxl8_atlas_entry {
     bool active;
+    i32 h, w, x, y;
+    u8 log2_h, log2_w;
     u32 texture_id;
-    i32 x, y, w, h;
     u32 tiled_base;
-    u8 log2_w;
 } pxl8_atlas_entry;
 
 static inline u32 pxl8_tile_addr(u32 u, u32 v, u8 log2_w) {

src/gfx/pxl8_backend.h

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef PXL8_BACKEND_H
-#define PXL8_BACKEND_H
-
-#include "pxl8_cpu.h"
-
-typedef enum {
-    PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_CPU,
-    PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_GPU,
-} pxl8_gfx_backend_type;
-
-typedef struct {
-    pxl8_gfx_backend_type type;
-    union {
-        pxl8_cpu_backend* cpu;
-        void* gpu;
-    };
-} pxl8_gfx_backend;
-
-#endif

src/gfx/pxl8_colormap.h

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ static inline u8 pxl8_colormap_lookup(const pxl8_colormap* cm, u8 pal_idx, pxl8_
 }
 
 static inline u8 pxl8_colormap_lookup_dithered(const pxl8_colormap* cm, u8 pal_idx, pxl8_light_color light_color, u8 intensity, u32 x, u32 y) {
-    u8 dithered = pxl8_dither_light(intensity, x, y);
+    u8 dithered = pxl8_gfx_dither((f32)intensity + 0.5f, x, y);
     u32 light_row = ((u32)light_color << 3) + (dithered >> 5);
     return cm->table[(light_row << 8) + pal_idx];
 }

src/gfx/pxl8_cpu.h

@@ -1,94 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "pxl8_atlas.h"
-#include "pxl8_colormap.h"
-#include "pxl8_gfx.h"
-#include "pxl8_gfx3d.h"
-#include "pxl8_lightmap.h"
-#include "pxl8_math.h"
-#include "pxl8_mesh.h"
-#include "pxl8_palette.h"
-#include "pxl8_types.h"
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-
-typedef struct pxl8_cpu_backend pxl8_cpu_backend;
-typedef struct pxl8_cpu_render_target pxl8_cpu_render_target;
-
-typedef struct pxl8_cpu_render_target_desc {
-    u32 width;
-    u32 height;
-    bool with_depth;
-    bool with_lighting;
-} pxl8_cpu_render_target_desc;
-
-pxl8_cpu_backend* pxl8_cpu_create(u32 width, u32 height);
-void pxl8_cpu_destroy(pxl8_cpu_backend* cpu);
-
-void pxl8_cpu_begin_frame(pxl8_cpu_backend* cpu, const pxl8_3d_frame* frame);
-void pxl8_cpu_end_frame(pxl8_cpu_backend* cpu);
-
-void pxl8_cpu_clear(pxl8_cpu_backend* cpu, u8 color);
-void pxl8_cpu_clear_depth(pxl8_cpu_backend* cpu);
-
-void pxl8_cpu_set_colormap(pxl8_cpu_backend* cpu, const pxl8_colormap* cm);
-void pxl8_cpu_set_palette(pxl8_cpu_backend* cpu, const u32* palette);
-void pxl8_cpu_set_palette_cube(pxl8_cpu_backend* cpu, const pxl8_palette_cube* cube);
-
-u32 pxl8_cpu_add_lightmap(pxl8_cpu_backend* cpu, pxl8_lightmap* lm);
-pxl8_lightmap* pxl8_cpu_get_lightmap(pxl8_cpu_backend* cpu, u32 id);
-
-void pxl8_cpu_draw_pixel(pxl8_cpu_backend* cpu, i32 x, i32 y, u8 color);
-u8 pxl8_cpu_get_pixel(pxl8_cpu_backend* cpu, i32 x, i32 y);
-void pxl8_cpu_draw_line_2d(pxl8_cpu_backend* cpu, i32 x0, i32 y0, i32 x1, i32 y1, u8 color);
-void pxl8_cpu_draw_rect(pxl8_cpu_backend* cpu, i32 x, i32 y, i32 w, i32 h, u8 color);
-void pxl8_cpu_draw_rect_fill(pxl8_cpu_backend* cpu, i32 x, i32 y, i32 w, i32 h, u8 color);
-void pxl8_cpu_draw_circle(pxl8_cpu_backend* cpu, i32 cx, i32 cy, i32 radius, u8 color);
-void pxl8_cpu_draw_circle_fill(pxl8_cpu_backend* cpu, i32 cx, i32 cy, i32 radius, u8 color);
-void pxl8_cpu_draw_line_3d(pxl8_cpu_backend* cpu, pxl8_vec3 v0, pxl8_vec3 v1, u8 color);
-
-void pxl8_cpu_draw_mesh(
-    pxl8_cpu_backend* cpu,
-    const pxl8_mesh* mesh,
-    const pxl8_mat4* model,
-    const pxl8_gfx_material* material,
-    const pxl8_atlas* textures
-);
-
-u8* pxl8_cpu_get_framebuffer(pxl8_cpu_backend* cpu);
-u32* pxl8_cpu_get_light_accum(pxl8_cpu_backend* cpu);
-u32* pxl8_cpu_get_output(pxl8_cpu_backend* cpu);
-u16* pxl8_cpu_get_zbuffer(pxl8_cpu_backend* cpu);
-u32 pxl8_cpu_get_height(const pxl8_cpu_backend* cpu);
-u32 pxl8_cpu_get_width(const pxl8_cpu_backend* cpu);
-
-void pxl8_cpu_render_glows(
-    pxl8_cpu_backend* cpu,
-    const pxl8_glow* glows,
-    u32 glow_count
-);
-
-void pxl8_cpu_resolve(pxl8_cpu_backend* cpu);
-
-pxl8_cpu_render_target* pxl8_cpu_create_render_target(const pxl8_cpu_render_target_desc* desc);
-void pxl8_cpu_destroy_render_target(pxl8_cpu_render_target* target);
-
-pxl8_cpu_render_target* pxl8_cpu_get_target(pxl8_cpu_backend* cpu);
-void pxl8_cpu_set_target(pxl8_cpu_backend* cpu, pxl8_cpu_render_target* target);
-
-void pxl8_cpu_blit(pxl8_cpu_backend* cpu, pxl8_cpu_render_target* src, i32 x, i32 y, u8 transparent_idx);
-
-bool pxl8_cpu_push_target(pxl8_cpu_backend* cpu);
-void pxl8_cpu_pop_target(pxl8_cpu_backend* cpu);
-u32 pxl8_cpu_get_target_depth(const pxl8_cpu_backend* cpu);
-
-u8* pxl8_cpu_render_target_get_framebuffer(pxl8_cpu_render_target* target);
-u32 pxl8_cpu_render_target_get_height(const pxl8_cpu_render_target* target);
-u32 pxl8_cpu_render_target_get_width(const pxl8_cpu_render_target* target);
-u32* pxl8_cpu_render_target_get_light_accum(pxl8_cpu_render_target* target);
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-}
-#endif

src/gfx/pxl8_dither.h

@@ -8,8 +8,16 @@ extern "C" {
 
 extern const u8 PXL8_BAYER_4X4[16];
 
-static inline i8 pxl8_bayer_offset(u32 x, u32 y) {
+static inline u8 pxl8_gfx_dither(f32 value, u32 x, u32 y) {
-    return (i8)(PXL8_BAYER_4X4[(y & 3) * 4 + (x & 3)]) - 8;
+    if (value <= 0.0f) return 0;
+    if (value >= 255.0f) return 255;
+    u8 base = (u8)value;
+    f32 frac = value - (f32)base;
+    f32 threshold = (PXL8_BAYER_4X4[(y & 3) * 4 + (x & 3)] + 0.5f) * (1.0f / 16.0f);
+    if (frac > threshold) {
+        return base < 255 ? (u8)(base + 1) : 255;
+    }
+    return base;
 }
 
 static inline u8 pxl8_ordered_dither(u8 value, u32 x, u32 y) {
@@ -18,24 +26,6 @@ static inline u8 pxl8_ordered_dither(u8 value, u32 x, u32 y) {
     return result > 255 ? 255 : (u8)result;
 }
 
-static inline u8 pxl8_dither_light(u8 light, u32 x, u32 y) {
-    i8 offset = pxl8_bayer_offset(x, y) >> 1;
-    i16 result = (i16)light + offset;
-    if (result < 0) return 0;
-    if (result > 255) return 255;
-    return (u8)result;
-}
-
-static inline u8 pxl8_dither_float(f32 value, u32 x, u32 y) {
-    u8 floor_val = (u8)value;
-    f32 frac = value - (f32)floor_val;
-    f32 threshold = (PXL8_BAYER_4X4[(y & 3) * 4 + (x & 3)] + 0.5f) * (1.0f / 16.0f);
-    if (frac > threshold) {
-        return floor_val < 255 ? floor_val + 1 : 255;
-    }
-    return floor_val;
-}
-
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif

src/gfx/pxl8_gfx.c

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 
 #include "pxl8_ase.h"
 #include "pxl8_atlas.h"
-#include "pxl8_backend.h"
 #include "pxl8_blit.h"
 #include "pxl8_color.h"
 #include "pxl8_colormap.h"
@@ -15,36 +14,77 @@
 #include "pxl8_macros.h"
 #include "pxl8_math.h"
 #include "pxl8_mem.h"
+#include "pxl8_render.h"
+#include "pxl8_shader_registry.h"
 #include "pxl8_sys.h"
 #include "pxl8_types.h"
 
+#define PXL8_MAX_TARGET_STACK 8
+
 typedef struct pxl8_sprite_cache_entry {
     char path[256];
     u32 sprite_id;
     bool active;
 } pxl8_sprite_cache_entry;
 
+typedef struct pxl8_target_entry {
+    pxl8_gfx_texture color;
+    pxl8_gfx_texture depth;
+    pxl8_gfx_texture light;
+} pxl8_target_entry;
+
+#define PXL8_MAX_FRAME_RESOURCES 512
+#define PXL8_STREAM_VB_SIZE (256 * 1024)
+#define PXL8_STREAM_IB_SIZE (512 * 1024)
+
+typedef struct pxl8_frame_resources {
+    pxl8_gfx_texture textures[PXL8_MAX_FRAME_RESOURCES];
+    pxl8_gfx_buffer buffers[PXL8_MAX_FRAME_RESOURCES];
+    pxl8_gfx_pipeline pipelines[PXL8_MAX_FRAME_RESOURCES];
+    pxl8_gfx_bindings bindings[PXL8_MAX_FRAME_RESOURCES];
+    u32 texture_count;
+    u32 buffer_count;
+    u32 pipeline_count;
+    u32 bindings_count;
+} pxl8_frame_resources;
+
 struct pxl8_gfx {
     pxl8_atlas* atlas;
-    pxl8_gfx_backend backend;
+    pxl8_renderer* renderer;
+    pxl8_gfx_texture color_target;
+    pxl8_gfx_texture depth_target;
+    pxl8_gfx_texture light_target;
+    pxl8_gfx_cmdbuf* cmdbuf;
+    pxl8_target_entry target_stack[PXL8_MAX_TARGET_STACK];
+    u32 target_stack_depth;
     const pxl8_bsp* bsp;
     pxl8_colormap* colormap;
-    u8* framebuffer;
     i32 framebuffer_height;
     i32 framebuffer_width;
     pxl8_frustum frustum;
     const pxl8_hal* hal;
     bool initialized;
+    u32* output;
     pxl8_palette* palette;
     pxl8_palette_cube* palette_cube;
+    pxl8_gfx_pass frame_pass;
+    pxl8_frame_resources frame_res;
     pxl8_pixel_mode pixel_mode;
     void* platform_data;
-    const pxl8_sdf* sdf;
     pxl8_sprite_cache_entry* sprite_cache;
     u32 sprite_cache_capacity;
     u32 sprite_cache_count;
     pxl8_viewport viewport;
     pxl8_mat4 view_proj;
+    pxl8_3d_frame frame;
+
+    pxl8_gfx_buffer stream_vb;
+    pxl8_gfx_buffer stream_ib;
+    u32 stream_vb_capacity;
+    u32 stream_ib_capacity;
+    u32 stream_vb_offset;
+    u32 stream_ib_offset;
+    bool wireframe;
 };
 
 pxl8_bounds pxl8_gfx_get_bounds(pxl8_gfx* gfx) {
@@ -63,15 +103,12 @@ pxl8_pixel_mode pxl8_gfx_get_pixel_mode(pxl8_gfx* gfx) {
 
 u8* pxl8_gfx_get_framebuffer_indexed(pxl8_gfx* gfx) {
     if (!gfx || gfx->pixel_mode == PXL8_PIXEL_HICOLOR) return NULL;
-    if (gfx->backend.type == PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_CPU) {
+    return (u8*)pxl8_texture_get_data(gfx->renderer, gfx->color_target);
-        return pxl8_cpu_get_framebuffer(gfx->backend.cpu);
-    }
-    return gfx->framebuffer;
 }
 
 u16* pxl8_gfx_get_framebuffer_hicolor(pxl8_gfx* gfx) {
     if (!gfx || gfx->pixel_mode != PXL8_PIXEL_HICOLOR) return NULL;
-    return (u16*)gfx->framebuffer;
+    return (u16*)pxl8_texture_get_data(gfx->renderer, gfx->color_target);
 }
 
 i32 pxl8_gfx_get_height(const pxl8_gfx* gfx) {
@@ -80,10 +117,30 @@ i32 pxl8_gfx_get_height(const pxl8_gfx* gfx) {
 
 u32* pxl8_gfx_get_light_accum(pxl8_gfx* gfx) {
     if (!gfx) return NULL;
-    if (gfx->backend.type == PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_CPU) {
+    return (u32*)pxl8_texture_get_data(gfx->renderer, gfx->light_target);
-        return pxl8_cpu_get_light_accum(gfx->backend.cpu);
+}
+
+u32* pxl8_gfx_get_output(pxl8_gfx* gfx) {
+    if (!gfx) return NULL;
+    return gfx->output;
+}
+
+void pxl8_gfx_resolve(pxl8_gfx* gfx) {
+    if (!gfx || !gfx->initialized) return;
+    if (gfx->pixel_mode != PXL8_PIXEL_INDEXED) return;
+
+    const u32* pal = gfx->palette ? pxl8_palette_colors(gfx->palette) : NULL;
+    if (!pal) {
+        pxl8_error("resolve: no palette!");
+        return;
     }
-    return NULL;
+    pxl8_resolve_to_rgba(
+        gfx->renderer,
+        gfx->color_target,
+        gfx->light_target,
+        pal,
+        gfx->output
+    );
 }
 
 const u32* pxl8_gfx_palette_colors(pxl8_gfx* gfx) {
@@ -93,10 +150,7 @@ const u32* pxl8_gfx_palette_colors(pxl8_gfx* gfx) {
 
 u16* pxl8_gfx_get_zbuffer(pxl8_gfx* gfx) {
     if (!gfx) return NULL;
-    if (gfx->backend.type == PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_CPU) {
+    return (u16*)pxl8_texture_get_data(gfx->renderer, gfx->depth_target);
-        return pxl8_cpu_get_zbuffer(gfx->backend.cpu);
-    }
-    return NULL;
 }
 
 i32 pxl8_gfx_get_width(const pxl8_gfx* gfx) {
@@ -123,9 +177,6 @@ u8 pxl8_gfx_find_color(pxl8_gfx* gfx, u32 color) {
 void pxl8_gfx_set_palette_colors(pxl8_gfx* gfx, const u32* colors, u16 count) {
     if (!gfx || !gfx->palette || !colors) return;
     pxl8_set_palette(gfx->palette, colors, count);
-    if (gfx->pixel_mode != PXL8_PIXEL_HICOLOR && gfx->backend.type == PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_CPU) {
-        pxl8_cpu_set_palette(gfx->backend.cpu, pxl8_palette_colors(gfx->palette));
-    }
 }
 
 i32 pxl8_gfx_load_palette(pxl8_gfx* gfx, const char* filepath) {
@@ -136,9 +187,6 @@ i32 pxl8_gfx_load_palette(pxl8_gfx* gfx, const char* filepath) {
         if (gfx->colormap) {
             pxl8_colormap_generate(gfx->colormap, pxl8_palette_colors(gfx->palette));
         }
-        if (gfx->backend.type == PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_CPU) {
-            pxl8_cpu_set_palette(gfx->backend.cpu, pxl8_palette_colors(gfx->palette));
-        }
     }
     return 0;
 }
@@ -149,6 +197,8 @@ pxl8_gfx* pxl8_gfx_create(
     pxl8_pixel_mode mode,
     pxl8_resolution resolution
 ) {
+    pxl8_shader_registry_init();
+
     pxl8_gfx* gfx = (pxl8_gfx*)pxl8_calloc(1, sizeof(pxl8_gfx));
     if (!gfx) {
         pxl8_error("Failed to allocate graphics context");
@@ -173,29 +223,87 @@ pxl8_gfx* pxl8_gfx_create(
         gfx->palette = pxl8_palette_create();
     }
 
-    gfx->backend.type = PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_CPU;
+    gfx->renderer = pxl8_renderer_create(gfx->framebuffer_width, gfx->framebuffer_height);
-    gfx->backend.cpu = pxl8_cpu_create(gfx->framebuffer_width, gfx->framebuffer_height);
+    if (!gfx->renderer) {
-    if (!gfx->backend.cpu) {
+        pxl8_error("Failed to create renderer");
-        pxl8_error("Failed to create CPU backend");
         pxl8_gfx_destroy(gfx);
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    gfx->framebuffer = pxl8_cpu_get_framebuffer(gfx->backend.cpu);
+    pxl8_gfx_texture_desc color_desc = {
+        .width = (u32)gfx->framebuffer_width,
+        .height = (u32)gfx->framebuffer_height,
+        .format = PXL8_GFX_FORMAT_INDEXED8,
+        .render_target = true,
+    };
+    gfx->color_target = pxl8_create_texture(gfx->renderer, &color_desc);
+
+    pxl8_gfx_texture_desc depth_desc = {
+        .width = (u32)gfx->framebuffer_width,
+        .height = (u32)gfx->framebuffer_height,
+        .format = PXL8_GFX_FORMAT_DEPTH16,
+        .render_target = true,
+    };
+    gfx->depth_target = pxl8_create_texture(gfx->renderer, &depth_desc);
+
+    pxl8_gfx_texture_desc light_desc = {
+        .width = (u32)gfx->framebuffer_width,
+        .height = (u32)gfx->framebuffer_height,
+        .format = PXL8_GFX_FORMAT_LIGHT_ACCUM,
+        .render_target = true,
+    };
+    gfx->light_target = pxl8_create_texture(gfx->renderer, &light_desc);
+
+    u32 pixel_count = (u32)gfx->framebuffer_width * (u32)gfx->framebuffer_height;
+    gfx->output = pxl8_calloc(pixel_count, sizeof(u32));
+    if (!gfx->output) {
+        pxl8_error("Failed to allocate output buffer");
+        pxl8_gfx_destroy(gfx);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    gfx->cmdbuf = pxl8_cmdbuf_create(1024);
+    if (!gfx->cmdbuf) {
+        pxl8_error("Failed to create command buffer");
+        pxl8_gfx_destroy(gfx);
+        return NULL;
+    }
 
     if (mode != PXL8_PIXEL_HICOLOR) {
         gfx->colormap = pxl8_calloc(1, sizeof(pxl8_colormap));
-        if (gfx->colormap) {
-            pxl8_cpu_set_colormap(gfx->backend.cpu, gfx->colormap);
-        }
     }
 
+    gfx->target_stack[0] = (pxl8_target_entry){
+        .color = gfx->color_target,
+        .depth = gfx->depth_target,
+        .light = gfx->light_target,
+    };
+    gfx->target_stack_depth = 1;
+
     gfx->viewport.offset_x = 0;
     gfx->viewport.offset_y = 0;
     gfx->viewport.scaled_width = gfx->framebuffer_width;
     gfx->viewport.scaled_height = gfx->framebuffer_height;
     gfx->viewport.scale = 1.0f;
 
+    pxl8_gfx_buffer_desc vb_desc = {
+        .capacity = PXL8_STREAM_VB_SIZE,
+        .type = PXL8_GFX_BUFFER_VERTEX,
+        .usage = PXL8_GFX_USAGE_STREAM,
+    };
+    gfx->stream_vb = pxl8_create_buffer(gfx->renderer, &vb_desc);
+    gfx->stream_vb_capacity = PXL8_STREAM_VB_SIZE;
+    gfx->stream_vb_offset = 0;
+
+    pxl8_gfx_buffer_desc ib_desc = {
+        .capacity = PXL8_STREAM_IB_SIZE,
+        .type = PXL8_GFX_BUFFER_INDEX,
+        .usage = PXL8_GFX_USAGE_STREAM,
+    };
+    gfx->stream_ib = pxl8_create_buffer(gfx->renderer, &ib_desc);
+    gfx->stream_ib_capacity = PXL8_STREAM_IB_SIZE;
+    gfx->stream_ib_offset = 0;
+
     gfx->initialized = true;
     return gfx;
 }
@@ -204,13 +312,13 @@ void pxl8_gfx_destroy(pxl8_gfx* gfx) {
     if (!gfx) return;
 
     pxl8_atlas_destroy(gfx->atlas);
-    if (gfx->backend.type == PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_CPU) {
+    pxl8_cmdbuf_destroy(gfx->cmdbuf);
-        pxl8_cpu_destroy(gfx->backend.cpu);
-    }
     pxl8_free(gfx->colormap);
+    pxl8_free(gfx->output);
     pxl8_palette_cube_destroy(gfx->palette_cube);
     pxl8_palette_destroy(gfx->palette);
     pxl8_free(gfx->sprite_cache);
+    pxl8_renderer_destroy(gfx->renderer);
 
     pxl8_free(gfx);
 }
@@ -330,26 +438,24 @@ pxl8_result pxl8_gfx_load_font_atlas(pxl8_gfx* gfx) {
 void pxl8_gfx_upload_framebuffer(pxl8_gfx* gfx) {
     if (!gfx || !gfx->initialized || !gfx->hal) return;
 
-    if (gfx->backend.type == PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_CPU && gfx->pixel_mode == PXL8_PIXEL_INDEXED) {
+    if (gfx->pixel_mode == PXL8_PIXEL_INDEXED) {
-        pxl8_cpu_resolve(gfx->backend.cpu);
+        pxl8_gfx_resolve(gfx);
-        u32* output = pxl8_cpu_get_output(gfx->backend.cpu);
+        gfx->hal->upload_texture(
-        if (output) {
+            gfx->platform_data,
-            gfx->hal->upload_texture(
+            gfx->output,
-                gfx->platform_data,
+            gfx->framebuffer_width,
-                output,
+            gfx->framebuffer_height,
-                gfx->framebuffer_width,
+            PXL8_PIXEL_RGBA,
-                gfx->framebuffer_height,
+            NULL
-                PXL8_PIXEL_RGBA,
+        );
-                NULL
+        return;
-            );
-            return;
-        }
     }
 
     u32* colors = gfx->palette ? pxl8_palette_colors(gfx->palette) : NULL;
+    u8* framebuffer = (u8*)pxl8_texture_get_data(gfx->renderer, gfx->color_target);
     gfx->hal->upload_texture(
         gfx->platform_data,
-        gfx->framebuffer,
+        framebuffer,
         gfx->framebuffer_width,
         gfx->framebuffer_height,
         gfx->pixel_mode,
@@ -363,6 +469,16 @@ void pxl8_gfx_present(pxl8_gfx* gfx) {
     gfx->hal->present(gfx->platform_data);
 }
 
+void pxl8_gfx_reset_stats(pxl8_gfx* gfx) {
+    if (!gfx || !gfx->renderer) return;
+    pxl8_renderer_reset_stats(gfx->renderer);
+}
+
+const pxl8_gfx_stats* pxl8_gfx_get_stats(pxl8_gfx* gfx) {
+    if (!gfx || !gfx->renderer) return NULL;
+    return pxl8_renderer_get_stats(gfx->renderer);
+}
+
 pxl8_viewport pxl8_gfx_viewport(pxl8_bounds bounds, i32 width, i32 height) {
     pxl8_viewport vp = {0};
     vp.scale = fminf(bounds.w / (f32)width, bounds.h / (f32)height);
@@ -382,115 +498,99 @@ void pxl8_gfx_project(pxl8_gfx* gfx, f32 left, f32 right, f32 top, f32 bottom) {
     (void)gfx; (void)left; (void)right; (void)top; (void)bottom;
 }
 
+static pxl8_gfx_texture gfx_current_color(pxl8_gfx* gfx) {
+    if (gfx->target_stack_depth == 0) return gfx->color_target;
+    return gfx->target_stack[gfx->target_stack_depth - 1].color;
+}
+
+static pxl8_gfx_texture gfx_current_depth(pxl8_gfx* gfx) {
+    if (gfx->target_stack_depth == 0) return gfx->depth_target;
+    return gfx->target_stack[gfx->target_stack_depth - 1].depth;
+}
+
+static pxl8_gfx_texture gfx_current_light(pxl8_gfx* gfx) {
+    if (gfx->target_stack_depth == 0) return gfx->light_target;
+    return gfx->target_stack[gfx->target_stack_depth - 1].light;
+}
+
+static void gfx_composite_over(pxl8_gfx* gfx, const pxl8_target_entry* src, pxl8_target_entry* dst) {
+    if (!gfx || !src || !dst) return;
+
+    u8* src_color = (u8*)pxl8_texture_get_data(gfx->renderer, src->color);
+    u8* dst_color = (u8*)pxl8_texture_get_data(gfx->renderer, dst->color);
+    if (!src_color || !dst_color) return;
+
+    u32 width = pxl8_texture_get_width(gfx->renderer, src->color);
+    u32 height = pxl8_texture_get_height(gfx->renderer, src->color);
+    if (width == 0 || height == 0) return;
+
+    u32 dst_width = pxl8_texture_get_width(gfx->renderer, dst->color);
+    u32 dst_height = pxl8_texture_get_height(gfx->renderer, dst->color);
+    if (dst_width != width || dst_height != height) return;
+
+    u32* src_light = (u32*)pxl8_texture_get_data(gfx->renderer, src->light);
+    u32* dst_light = (u32*)pxl8_texture_get_data(gfx->renderer, dst->light);
+
+    u32 count = width * height;
+    for (u32 i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+        u8 sc = src_color[i];
+        if (sc == 0) continue;
+
+        dst_color[i] = sc;
+        if (dst_light) {
+            dst_light[i] = src_light ? src_light[i] : 0;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 void pxl8_2d_clear(pxl8_gfx* gfx, u32 color) {
     if (!gfx) return;
-    switch (gfx->backend.type) {
+    pxl8_clear(gfx->renderer, gfx_current_color(gfx), (u8)color);
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_CPU:
+    pxl8_clear_light(gfx->renderer, gfx_current_light(gfx));
-            pxl8_cpu_clear(gfx->backend.cpu, (u8)color);
-            break;
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_GPU:
-            break;
-    }
 }
 
 void pxl8_2d_pixel(pxl8_gfx* gfx, i32 x, i32 y, u32 color) {
     if (!gfx) return;
-    switch (gfx->backend.type) {
+    pxl8_draw_pixel(gfx->renderer, gfx_current_color(gfx), x, y, (u8)color);
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_CPU:
-            pxl8_cpu_draw_pixel(gfx->backend.cpu, x, y, (u8)color);
-            break;
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_GPU:
-            break;
-    }
 }
 
 u32 pxl8_2d_get_pixel(pxl8_gfx* gfx, i32 x, i32 y) {
     if (!gfx) return 0;
-    switch (gfx->backend.type) {
+    return pxl8_get_pixel(gfx->renderer, gfx_current_color(gfx), x, y);
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_CPU:
-            return pxl8_cpu_get_pixel(gfx->backend.cpu, x, y);
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_GPU:
-            return 0;
-    }
-    return 0;
 }
 
 void pxl8_2d_line(pxl8_gfx* gfx, i32 x0, i32 y0, i32 x1, i32 y1, u32 color) {
     if (!gfx) return;
-    switch (gfx->backend.type) {
+    pxl8_draw_line(gfx->renderer, gfx_current_color(gfx), x0, y0, x1, y1, (u8)color);
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_CPU:
-            pxl8_cpu_draw_line_2d(gfx->backend.cpu, x0, y0, x1, y1, (u8)color);
-            break;
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_GPU:
-            break;
-    }
 }
 
 void pxl8_2d_rect(pxl8_gfx* gfx, i32 x, i32 y, i32 w, i32 h, u32 color) {
     if (!gfx) return;
-    switch (gfx->backend.type) {
+    pxl8_draw_rect(gfx->renderer, gfx_current_color(gfx), x, y, w, h, (u8)color);
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_CPU:
-            pxl8_cpu_draw_rect(gfx->backend.cpu, x, y, w, h, (u8)color);
-            break;
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_GPU:
-            break;
-    }
 }
 
 void pxl8_2d_rect_fill(pxl8_gfx* gfx, i32 x, i32 y, i32 w, i32 h, u32 color) {
     if (!gfx) return;
-    switch (gfx->backend.type) {
+    pxl8_draw_rect_fill(gfx->renderer, gfx_current_color(gfx), x, y, w, h, (u8)color);
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_CPU:
-            pxl8_cpu_draw_rect_fill(gfx->backend.cpu, x, y, w, h, (u8)color);
-            break;
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_GPU:
-            break;
-    }
 }
 
 void pxl8_2d_circle(pxl8_gfx* gfx, i32 cx, i32 cy, i32 radius, u32 color) {
     if (!gfx) return;
-    switch (gfx->backend.type) {
+    pxl8_draw_circle(gfx->renderer, gfx_current_color(gfx), cx, cy, radius, (u8)color);
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_CPU:
-            pxl8_cpu_draw_circle(gfx->backend.cpu, cx, cy, radius, (u8)color);
-            break;
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_GPU:
-            break;
-    }
 }
 
 void pxl8_2d_circle_fill(pxl8_gfx* gfx, i32 cx, i32 cy, i32 radius, u32 color) {
     if (!gfx) return;
-    switch (gfx->backend.type) {
+    pxl8_draw_circle_fill(gfx->renderer, gfx_current_color(gfx), cx, cy, radius, (u8)color);
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_CPU:
-            pxl8_cpu_draw_circle_fill(gfx->backend.cpu, cx, cy, radius, (u8)color);
-            break;
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_GPU:
-            break;
-    }
 }
 
 void pxl8_2d_text(pxl8_gfx* gfx, const char* text, i32 x, i32 y, u32 color) {
     if (!gfx || !text) return;
 
-    u8* framebuffer = NULL;
+    pxl8_gfx_texture target = gfx_current_color(gfx);
-    u32* light_accum = NULL;
+    u8* framebuffer = (u8*)pxl8_texture_get_data(gfx->renderer, target);
-    i32 fb_width = 0;
+    i32 fb_width = (i32)pxl8_texture_get_width(gfx->renderer, target);
-    i32 fb_height = 0;
+    i32 fb_height = (i32)pxl8_texture_get_height(gfx->renderer, target);
-
-    switch (gfx->backend.type) {
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_CPU: {
-            pxl8_cpu_render_target* render_target = pxl8_cpu_get_target(gfx->backend.cpu);
-            if (!render_target) return;
-            framebuffer = pxl8_cpu_render_target_get_framebuffer(render_target);
-            light_accum = pxl8_cpu_render_target_get_light_accum(render_target);
-            fb_width = (i32)pxl8_cpu_render_target_get_width(render_target);
-            fb_height = (i32)pxl8_cpu_render_target_get_height(render_target);
-            break;
-        }
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_GPU:
-            return;
-    }
 
     if (!framebuffer) return;
 
@@ -523,7 +623,6 @@ void pxl8_2d_text(pxl8_gfx* gfx, const char* text, i32 x, i32 y, u32 color) {
                 if (pixel_bit) {
                     i32 idx = py * fb_width + px;
                     framebuffer[idx] = (u8)color;
-                    if (light_accum) light_accum[idx] = 0;
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -536,24 +635,10 @@ void pxl8_2d_text(pxl8_gfx* gfx, const char* text, i32 x, i32 y, u32 color) {
 void pxl8_2d_sprite(pxl8_gfx* gfx, u32 sprite_id, i32 x, i32 y, i32 w, i32 h, bool flip_x, bool flip_y) {
     if (!gfx || !gfx->atlas) return;
 
-    u8* framebuffer = NULL;
+    pxl8_gfx_texture target = gfx_current_color(gfx);
-    u32* light_accum = NULL;
+    u8* framebuffer = (u8*)pxl8_texture_get_data(gfx->renderer, target);
-    i32 fb_width = 0;
+    i32 fb_width = (i32)pxl8_texture_get_width(gfx->renderer, target);
-    i32 fb_height = 0;
+    i32 fb_height = (i32)pxl8_texture_get_height(gfx->renderer, target);
-
-    switch (gfx->backend.type) {
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_CPU: {
-            pxl8_cpu_render_target* render_target = pxl8_cpu_get_target(gfx->backend.cpu);
-            if (!render_target) return;
-            framebuffer = pxl8_cpu_render_target_get_framebuffer(render_target);
-            light_accum = pxl8_cpu_render_target_get_light_accum(render_target);
-            fb_width = (i32)pxl8_cpu_render_target_get_width(render_target);
-            fb_height = (i32)pxl8_cpu_render_target_get_height(render_target);
-            break;
-        }
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_GPU:
-            return;
-    }
 
     if (!framebuffer) return;
 
@@ -583,11 +668,6 @@ void pxl8_2d_sprite(pxl8_gfx* gfx, u32 sprite_id, i32 x, i32 y, i32 w, i32 h, bo
     if (is_1to1_scale && is_unclipped && !is_flipped) {
         const u8* sprite_data = atlas_pixels + entry->y * atlas_width + entry->x;
         pxl8_blit_indexed(framebuffer, fb_width, sprite_data, atlas_width, x, y, w, h);
-        if (light_accum) {
-            for (i32 py = 0; py < h; py++) {
-                memset(light_accum + (y + py) * fb_width + x, 0, w * sizeof(u32));
-            }
-        }
     } else {
         for (i32 py = 0; py < draw_height; py++) {
             for (i32 px = 0; px < draw_width; px++) {
@@ -601,7 +681,6 @@ void pxl8_2d_sprite(pxl8_gfx* gfx, u32 sprite_id, i32 x, i32 y, i32 w, i32 h, bo
                 i32 dest_idx = (dest_y + py) * fb_width + (dest_x + px);
 
                 framebuffer[dest_idx] = pxl8_blend_indexed(atlas_pixels[src_idx], framebuffer[dest_idx]);
-                if (light_accum) light_accum[dest_idx] = 0;
             }
         }
     }
@@ -616,7 +695,7 @@ void pxl8_gfx_update(pxl8_gfx* gfx, f32 dt) {
     }
 }
 
-pxl8_3d_frame pxl8_3d_frame_from_camera(const pxl8_3d_camera* camera, const pxl8_3d_uniforms* uniforms) {
+pxl8_3d_frame pxl8_3d_frame_from_camera(const pxl8_3d_camera* camera, const pxl8_shader_uniforms* uniforms) {
     pxl8_3d_frame frame = {0};
     if (!camera) return frame;
 
@@ -639,32 +718,37 @@ void pxl8_3d_set_bsp(pxl8_gfx* gfx, const pxl8_bsp* bsp) {
     gfx->bsp = bsp;
 }
 
-void pxl8_3d_set_sdf(pxl8_gfx* gfx, const pxl8_sdf* sdf) {
+void pxl8_3d_begin_frame(pxl8_gfx* gfx, const pxl8_3d_camera* camera, const pxl8_lights* lights, const pxl8_shader_uniforms* uniforms) {
-    if (!gfx) return;
-    gfx->sdf = sdf;
-}
-
-void pxl8_3d_begin_frame(pxl8_gfx* gfx, const pxl8_3d_camera* camera, const pxl8_lights* lights, const pxl8_3d_uniforms* uniforms) {
     if (!gfx || !camera) return;
 
     pxl8_3d_frame frame = pxl8_3d_frame_from_camera(camera, uniforms);
     frame.bsp = gfx->bsp;
-    frame.lights = lights ? pxl8_lights_data(lights) : NULL;
+    frame.uniforms.lights = lights ? pxl8_lights_data(lights) : NULL;
-    frame.lights_count = lights ? pxl8_lights_count(lights) : 0;
+    frame.uniforms.lights_count = lights ? pxl8_lights_count(lights) : 0;
-    frame.sdf = gfx->sdf;
 
     pxl8_mat4 vp = pxl8_mat4_multiply(frame.projection, frame.view);
 
     gfx->frustum = pxl8_frustum_from_matrix(vp);
     gfx->view_proj = vp;
+    gfx->frame = frame;
 
-    switch (gfx->backend.type) {
+    gfx->frame_res.texture_count = 0;
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_CPU:
+    gfx->frame_res.buffer_count = 0;
-            pxl8_cpu_begin_frame(gfx->backend.cpu, &frame);
+    gfx->frame_res.pipeline_count = 0;
-            break;
+    gfx->frame_res.bindings_count = 0;
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_GPU:
+
-            break;
+    gfx->stream_vb_offset = 0;
-    }
+    gfx->stream_ib_offset = 0;
+
+    pxl8_cmdbuf_reset(gfx->cmdbuf);
+
+    pxl8_gfx_pass_desc pass_desc = {
+        .color = { .texture = gfx_current_color(gfx), .load = PXL8_GFX_LOAD_CLEAR, .clear_value = 0 },
+        .depth = { .texture = gfx_current_depth(gfx), .load = PXL8_GFX_LOAD_CLEAR, .clear_value = 0xFFFF },
+        .light_accum = { .texture = gfx_current_light(gfx), .load = PXL8_GFX_LOAD_CLEAR },
+    };
+    gfx->frame_pass = pxl8_create_pass(gfx->renderer, &pass_desc);
+    pxl8_begin_pass(gfx->cmdbuf, gfx->frame_pass);
 }
 
 const pxl8_frustum* pxl8_3d_get_frustum(pxl8_gfx* gfx) {
@@ -706,90 +790,249 @@ u32 pxl8_3d_project_points(pxl8_gfx* gfx, const pxl8_vec3* in, pxl8_vec3* out, u
 
 void pxl8_3d_clear(pxl8_gfx* gfx, u8 color) {
     if (!gfx) return;
-    switch (gfx->backend.type) {
+    pxl8_clear(gfx->renderer, gfx_current_color(gfx), color);
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_CPU:
+    pxl8_clear_light(gfx->renderer, gfx_current_light(gfx));
-            pxl8_cpu_clear(gfx->backend.cpu, color);
-            break;
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_GPU:
-            break;
-    }
 }
 
 void pxl8_3d_clear_depth(pxl8_gfx* gfx) {
     if (!gfx) return;
-    switch (gfx->backend.type) {
+    pxl8_clear_depth(gfx->renderer, gfx_current_depth(gfx));
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_CPU:
-            pxl8_cpu_clear_depth(gfx->backend.cpu);
-            break;
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_GPU:
-            break;
-    }
 }
 
 void pxl8_3d_draw_line(pxl8_gfx* gfx, pxl8_vec3 v0, pxl8_vec3 v1, u8 color) {
     if (!gfx) return;
-    switch (gfx->backend.type) {
+
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_CPU:
+    pxl8_vec4 c0 = pxl8_mat4_multiply_vec4(gfx->view_proj, (pxl8_vec4){v0.x, v0.y, v0.z, 1.0f});
-            pxl8_cpu_draw_line_3d(gfx->backend.cpu, v0, v1, color);
+    pxl8_vec4 c1 = pxl8_mat4_multiply_vec4(gfx->view_proj, (pxl8_vec4){v1.x, v1.y, v1.z, 1.0f});
-            break;
+
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_GPU:
+    if (c0.w <= 0.0f && c1.w <= 0.0f) return;
-            break;
+
-    }
+    f32 hw = (f32)gfx->framebuffer_width * 0.5f;
+    f32 hh = (f32)gfx->framebuffer_height * 0.5f;
+
+    i32 x0 = (i32)(hw + c0.x / c0.w * hw);
+    i32 y0 = (i32)(hh - c0.y / c0.w * hh);
+    i32 x1 = (i32)(hw + c1.x / c1.w * hw);
+    i32 y1 = (i32)(hh - c1.y / c1.w * hh);
+
+    pxl8_draw_line(gfx->renderer, gfx_current_color(gfx), x0, y0, x1, y1, color);
 }
 
 void pxl8_3d_draw_mesh(pxl8_gfx* gfx, const pxl8_mesh* mesh, const pxl8_mat4* model, const pxl8_gfx_material* material) {
     if (!gfx || !mesh || !model || !material) return;
-    switch (gfx->backend.type) {
+    if (!pxl8_gfx_handle_valid(gfx->frame_pass)) return;
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_CPU:
+
-            pxl8_cpu_draw_mesh(gfx->backend.cpu, mesh, model, material, gfx->atlas);
+    pxl8_frame_resources* res = &gfx->frame_res;
+    bool is_wireframe = gfx->wireframe;
+
+    const char* shader_name = "lit";
+    if (material->emissive || (!material->dynamic_lighting && !material->per_pixel)) {
+        shader_name = "unlit";
+    }
+
+    pxl8_gfx_pipeline_desc pipe_desc = {
+        .blend = {
+            .enabled = false,
+            .src = PXL8_GFX_BLEND_ONE,
+            .dst = PXL8_GFX_BLEND_ZERO,
+            .alpha_test = false,
+            .alpha_ref = 0,
+        },
+        .depth = { .test = true, .write = true, .compare = PXL8_GFX_COMPARE_LESS },
+        .dither = material->dither,
+        .double_sided = material->double_sided,
+        .emissive = material->emissive,
+        .rasterizer = { .cull = PXL8_GFX_CULL_BACK, .fill = is_wireframe ? PXL8_GFX_FILL_WIREFRAME : PXL8_GFX_FILL_SOLID },
+        .shader = pxl8_shader_registry_get(shader_name),
+    };
+
+    switch (material->blend_mode) {
+        case PXL8_BLEND_ALPHA_TEST:
+            pipe_desc.blend.alpha_test = true;
+            pipe_desc.blend.alpha_ref = material->alpha;
             break;
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_GPU:
+        case PXL8_BLEND_ALPHA:
+            pipe_desc.blend.enabled = true;
+            pipe_desc.blend.src = PXL8_GFX_BLEND_SRC_ALPHA;
+            pipe_desc.blend.dst = PXL8_GFX_BLEND_INV_SRC_ALPHA;
+            break;
+        case PXL8_BLEND_ADDITIVE:
+            pipe_desc.blend.enabled = true;
+            pipe_desc.blend.src = PXL8_GFX_BLEND_ONE;
+            pipe_desc.blend.dst = PXL8_GFX_BLEND_ONE;
+            break;
+        case PXL8_BLEND_OPAQUE:
+        default:
             break;
     }
+    pxl8_gfx_pipeline pipeline = pxl8_create_pipeline(gfx->renderer, &pipe_desc);
+    if (res->pipeline_count < PXL8_MAX_FRAME_RESOURCES) {
+        res->pipelines[res->pipeline_count++] = pipeline;
+    }
+
+    pxl8_gfx_bindings_desc bind_desc = {
+        .atlas = gfx->atlas,
+        .colormap = gfx->colormap,
+        .palette = gfx->palette ? pxl8_palette_colors(gfx->palette) : NULL,
+        .texture_id = material->texture_id,
+    };
+    pxl8_gfx_bindings bindings = pxl8_create_bindings(gfx->renderer, &bind_desc);
+    if (res->bindings_count < PXL8_MAX_FRAME_RESOURCES) {
+        res->bindings[res->bindings_count++] = bindings;
+    }
+
+    u32 vb_size = mesh->vertex_count * sizeof(pxl8_vertex);
+    u32 ib_size = mesh->index_count * sizeof(u16);
+
+    u32 base_vertex = 0;
+    u32 first_index = 0;
+    pxl8_gfx_buffer vb, ib;
+
+    bool use_stream = pxl8_gfx_handle_valid(gfx->stream_vb) &&
+                      pxl8_gfx_handle_valid(gfx->stream_ib) &&
+                      (gfx->stream_vb_offset + vb_size <= gfx->stream_vb_capacity) &&
+                      (gfx->stream_ib_offset + ib_size <= gfx->stream_ib_capacity);
+
+    if (use_stream) {
+        pxl8_gfx_range vb_data = { .ptr = mesh->vertices, .size = vb_size };
+        pxl8_gfx_range ib_data = { .ptr = mesh->indices, .size = ib_size };
+        i32 vb_offset = pxl8_append_buffer(gfx->renderer, gfx->stream_vb, &vb_data);
+        i32 ib_offset = pxl8_append_buffer(gfx->renderer, gfx->stream_ib, &ib_data);
+
+        if (vb_offset >= 0 && ib_offset >= 0) {
+            gfx->stream_vb_offset += vb_size;
+            gfx->stream_ib_offset += ib_size;
+
+            base_vertex = (u32)vb_offset / sizeof(pxl8_vertex);
+            first_index = (u32)ib_offset / sizeof(u16);
+
+            vb = gfx->stream_vb;
+            ib = gfx->stream_ib;
+        } else {
+            use_stream = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!use_stream) {
+        pxl8_gfx_buffer_desc vb_desc = {
+            .type = PXL8_GFX_BUFFER_VERTEX,
+            .data = { .ptr = mesh->vertices, .size = vb_size },
+        };
+        vb = pxl8_create_buffer(gfx->renderer, &vb_desc);
+        if (res->buffer_count < PXL8_MAX_FRAME_RESOURCES) {
+            res->buffers[res->buffer_count++] = vb;
+        }
+
+        pxl8_gfx_buffer_desc ib_desc = {
+            .type = PXL8_GFX_BUFFER_INDEX,
+            .data = { .ptr = mesh->indices, .size = ib_size },
+        };
+        ib = pxl8_create_buffer(gfx->renderer, &ib_desc);
+        if (res->buffer_count < PXL8_MAX_FRAME_RESOURCES) {
+            res->buffers[res->buffer_count++] = ib;
+        }
+    }
+
+    pxl8_gfx_cmd_draw_params draw_params = {
+        .model = *model,
+        .view = gfx->frame.view,
+        .projection = gfx->frame.projection,
+        .shader = gfx->frame.uniforms,
+    };
+
+    pxl8_set_pipeline(gfx->cmdbuf, pipeline);
+    pxl8_set_bindings(gfx->cmdbuf, bindings);
+    pxl8_set_draw_params(gfx->cmdbuf, &draw_params);
+    pxl8_draw(gfx->cmdbuf, vb, ib, first_index, mesh->index_count, base_vertex);
 }
 
 void pxl8_3d_end_frame(pxl8_gfx* gfx) {
-    if (!gfx) return;
+    if (!gfx) { pxl8_error("end_frame: gfx is NULL"); return; }
-    switch (gfx->backend.type) {
+    if (!pxl8_gfx_handle_valid(gfx->frame_pass)) { pxl8_error("end_frame: frame_pass invalid (id=%u)", gfx->frame_pass.id); return; }
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_CPU:
+
-            pxl8_cpu_end_frame(gfx->backend.cpu);
+    pxl8_end_pass(gfx->cmdbuf);
-            break;
+    pxl8_gfx_submit(gfx->renderer, gfx->cmdbuf);
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_GPU:
+
-            break;
+    pxl8_frame_resources* res = &gfx->frame_res;
+
+    for (u32 i = 0; i < res->buffer_count; i++) {
+        pxl8_destroy_buffer(gfx->renderer, res->buffers[i]);
     }
+    for (u32 i = 0; i < res->pipeline_count; i++) {
+        pxl8_destroy_pipeline(gfx->renderer, res->pipelines[i]);
+    }
+    for (u32 i = 0; i < res->bindings_count; i++) {
+        pxl8_destroy_bindings(gfx->renderer, res->bindings[i]);
+    }
+    for (u32 i = 0; i < res->texture_count; i++) {
+        pxl8_destroy_texture(gfx->renderer, res->textures[i]);
+    }
+
+    pxl8_destroy_pass(gfx->renderer, gfx->frame_pass);
+    gfx->frame_pass = (pxl8_gfx_pass){PXL8_GFX_INVALID_ID};
+
+    res->buffer_count = 0;
+    res->pipeline_count = 0;
+    res->bindings_count = 0;
+    res->texture_count = 0;
 }
 
 u8* pxl8_3d_get_framebuffer(pxl8_gfx* gfx) {
     if (!gfx) return NULL;
-    switch (gfx->backend.type) {
+    return (u8*)pxl8_texture_get_data(gfx->renderer, gfx_current_color(gfx));
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_CPU:
-            return pxl8_cpu_get_framebuffer(gfx->backend.cpu);
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_GPU:
-            return NULL;
-    }
-    return NULL;
 }
 
 bool pxl8_gfx_push_target(pxl8_gfx* gfx) {
-    if (!gfx) return false;
+    if (!gfx || gfx->target_stack_depth >= PXL8_MAX_TARGET_STACK) return false;
-    switch (gfx->backend.type) {
+
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_CPU:
+    pxl8_gfx_texture_desc color_desc = {
-            return pxl8_cpu_push_target(gfx->backend.cpu);
+        .width = (u32)gfx->framebuffer_width,
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_GPU:
+        .height = (u32)gfx->framebuffer_height,
-            return false;
+        .format = PXL8_GFX_FORMAT_INDEXED8,
-    }
+        .render_target = true,
-    return false;
+    };
+    pxl8_gfx_texture new_color = pxl8_create_texture(gfx->renderer, &color_desc);
+
+    pxl8_gfx_texture_desc depth_desc = {
+        .width = (u32)gfx->framebuffer_width,
+        .height = (u32)gfx->framebuffer_height,
+        .format = PXL8_GFX_FORMAT_DEPTH16,
+        .render_target = true,
+    };
+    pxl8_gfx_texture new_depth = pxl8_create_texture(gfx->renderer, &depth_desc);
+
+    pxl8_gfx_texture_desc light_desc = {
+        .width = (u32)gfx->framebuffer_width,
+        .height = (u32)gfx->framebuffer_height,
+        .format = PXL8_GFX_FORMAT_LIGHT_ACCUM,
+        .render_target = true,
+    };
+    pxl8_gfx_texture new_light = pxl8_create_texture(gfx->renderer, &light_desc);
+
+    gfx->target_stack[gfx->target_stack_depth] = (pxl8_target_entry){
+        .color = new_color,
+        .depth = new_depth,
+        .light = new_light,
+    };
+    gfx->target_stack_depth++;
+
+    return true;
 }
 
 void pxl8_gfx_pop_target(pxl8_gfx* gfx) {
-    if (!gfx) return;
+    if (!gfx || gfx->target_stack_depth <= 1) return;
-    switch (gfx->backend.type) {
+
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_CPU:
+    u32 top = gfx->target_stack_depth - 1;
-            pxl8_cpu_pop_target(gfx->backend.cpu);
+    pxl8_target_entry* entry = &gfx->target_stack[top];
-            break;
+    pxl8_target_entry* parent = &gfx->target_stack[top - 1];
-        case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_GPU:
+
-            break;
+    gfx_composite_over(gfx, entry, parent);
-    }
+
+    gfx->target_stack_depth--;
+
+    pxl8_destroy_texture(gfx->renderer, entry->color);
+    pxl8_destroy_texture(gfx->renderer, entry->depth);
+    pxl8_destroy_texture(gfx->renderer, entry->light);
 }
 
 void pxl8_gfx_ensure_blend_tables(pxl8_gfx* gfx) {
@@ -797,9 +1040,6 @@ void pxl8_gfx_ensure_blend_tables(pxl8_gfx* gfx) {
 
     if (!gfx->palette_cube) {
         gfx->palette_cube = pxl8_palette_cube_create(gfx->palette);
-        if (gfx->backend.cpu) {
-            pxl8_cpu_set_palette_cube(gfx->backend.cpu, gfx->palette_cube);
-        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -810,9 +1050,6 @@ void pxl8_gfx_blend_tables_update(pxl8_gfx* gfx) {
 
     if (gfx->palette_cube) {
         pxl8_palette_cube_rebuild(gfx->palette_cube, gfx->palette);
-        if (gfx->backend.cpu) {
-            pxl8_cpu_set_palette_cube(gfx->backend.cpu, gfx->palette_cube);
-        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -838,20 +1075,14 @@ u8 pxl8_gfx_ui_color(pxl8_gfx* gfx, u8 index) {
     return pxl8_palette_find_closest(gfx->palette, r, g, b);
 }
 
-void pxl8_gfx_apply_effect(pxl8_gfx* gfx, pxl8_gfx_effect effect, const void* params, u32 count) {
+void pxl8_gfx_set_wireframe(pxl8_gfx* gfx, bool enabled) {
-    if (!gfx || !params || count == 0) return;
+    if (gfx) gfx->wireframe = enabled;
-
+}
-    switch (effect) {
+
-        case PXL8_GFX_EFFECT_GLOWS: {
+bool pxl8_gfx_get_wireframe(const pxl8_gfx* gfx) {
-            const pxl8_glow* glows = (const pxl8_glow*)params;
+    return gfx ? gfx->wireframe : false;
-            switch (gfx->backend.type) {
+}
-                case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_CPU:
+
-                    pxl8_cpu_render_glows(gfx->backend.cpu, glows, count);
+u8 pxl8_gfx_get_ambient(const pxl8_gfx* gfx) {
-                    break;
+    return gfx ? gfx->frame.uniforms.ambient : 0;
-                case PXL8_GFX_BACKEND_GPU:
-                    break;
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-    }
 }

src/gfx/pxl8_gfx.h

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "pxl8_gui_palette.h"
 
 typedef struct pxl8_gfx pxl8_gfx;
+typedef struct pxl8_gfx_stats pxl8_gfx_stats;
 
 typedef enum pxl8_gfx_effect {
     PXL8_GFX_EFFECT_GLOWS = 0,
@@ -25,6 +26,8 @@ void pxl8_gfx_destroy(pxl8_gfx* gfx);
 void pxl8_gfx_present(pxl8_gfx* gfx);
 void pxl8_gfx_update(pxl8_gfx* gfx, f32 dt);
 void pxl8_gfx_upload_framebuffer(pxl8_gfx* gfx);
+void pxl8_gfx_reset_stats(pxl8_gfx* gfx);
+const pxl8_gfx_stats* pxl8_gfx_get_stats(pxl8_gfx* gfx);
 
 u8 pxl8_gfx_find_color(pxl8_gfx* gfx, u32 color);
 
@@ -62,6 +65,11 @@ void pxl8_gfx_ensure_blend_tables(pxl8_gfx* gfx);
 u8 pxl8_gfx_find_closest_color(pxl8_gfx* gfx, u8 r, u8 g, u8 b);
 u8 pxl8_gfx_ui_color(pxl8_gfx* gfx, u8 index);
 
+void pxl8_gfx_set_wireframe(pxl8_gfx* gfx, bool enabled);
+bool pxl8_gfx_get_wireframe(const pxl8_gfx* gfx);
+
+u8 pxl8_gfx_get_ambient(const pxl8_gfx* gfx);
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif

src/gfx/pxl8_gfx3d.h

@@ -4,39 +4,20 @@
 #include "pxl8_lights.h"
 #include "pxl8_math.h"
 #include "pxl8_mesh.h"
+#include "pxl8_shader.h"
 #include "pxl8_types.h"
 
 typedef struct pxl8_bsp pxl8_bsp;
 typedef struct pxl8_gfx pxl8_gfx;
 
-typedef struct pxl8_3d_uniforms {
-    u8 ambient;
-    pxl8_vec3 celestial_dir;
-    f32 celestial_intensity;
-    u8 fog_color;
-    f32 fog_density;
-    f32 time;
-} pxl8_3d_uniforms;
-
-typedef struct pxl8_3d_frame_desc {
-    const pxl8_bsp* bsp;
-    const pxl8_3d_camera* camera;
-    const pxl8_lights* lights;
-    const pxl8_sdf* sdf;
-    pxl8_3d_uniforms uniforms;
-} pxl8_3d_frame_desc;
-
 typedef struct pxl8_3d_frame {
     const pxl8_bsp* bsp;
     pxl8_vec3 camera_dir;
     pxl8_vec3 camera_pos;
     f32 far_clip;
-    const pxl8_light* lights;
-    u32 lights_count;
     f32 near_clip;
     pxl8_mat4 projection;
-    const pxl8_sdf* sdf;
+    pxl8_shader_uniforms uniforms;
-    pxl8_3d_uniforms uniforms;
     pxl8_mat4 view;
 } pxl8_3d_frame;
 
@@ -45,8 +26,7 @@ extern "C" {
 #endif
 
 void pxl8_3d_set_bsp(pxl8_gfx* gfx, const pxl8_bsp* bsp);
-void pxl8_3d_set_sdf(pxl8_gfx* gfx, const pxl8_sdf* sdf);
+void pxl8_3d_begin_frame(pxl8_gfx* gfx, const pxl8_3d_camera* camera, const pxl8_lights* lights, const pxl8_shader_uniforms* uniforms);
-void pxl8_3d_begin_frame(pxl8_gfx* gfx, const pxl8_3d_camera* camera, const pxl8_lights* lights, const pxl8_3d_uniforms* uniforms);
 void pxl8_3d_clear(pxl8_gfx* gfx, u8 color);
 void pxl8_3d_clear_depth(pxl8_gfx* gfx);
 void pxl8_3d_draw_line(pxl8_gfx* gfx, pxl8_vec3 v0, pxl8_vec3 v1, u8 color);
@@ -57,7 +37,7 @@ const pxl8_frustum* pxl8_3d_get_frustum(pxl8_gfx* gfx);
 const pxl8_mat4* pxl8_3d_get_view_proj(pxl8_gfx* gfx);
 u32 pxl8_3d_project_points(pxl8_gfx* gfx, const pxl8_vec3* in, pxl8_vec3* out, u32 count, const pxl8_mat4* transform);
 
-pxl8_3d_frame pxl8_3d_frame_from_camera(const pxl8_3d_camera* camera, const pxl8_3d_uniforms* uniforms);
+pxl8_3d_frame pxl8_3d_frame_from_camera(const pxl8_3d_camera* camera, const pxl8_shader_uniforms* uniforms);
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }

src/gfx/pxl8_lights.c

@@ -48,6 +48,36 @@ void pxl8_lights_add(pxl8_lights* lights, f32 x, f32 y, f32 z, u8 r, u8 g, u8 b,
     l->radius = radius;
     l->radius_sq = radius_sq;
     l->inv_radius_sq = radius_sq > 0.0f ? 1.0f / radius_sq : 0.0f;
+
+    l->constant = 1.0f;
+    if (radius <= 7.0f) {
+        l->linear = 0.7f;
+        l->quadratic = 1.8f;
+    } else if (radius <= 13.0f) {
+        l->linear = 0.35f;
+        l->quadratic = 0.44f;
+    } else if (radius <= 20.0f) {
+        l->linear = 0.22f;
+        l->quadratic = 0.20f;
+    } else if (radius <= 32.0f) {
+        l->linear = 0.14f;
+        l->quadratic = 0.07f;
+    } else if (radius <= 50.0f) {
+        l->linear = 0.09f;
+        l->quadratic = 0.032f;
+    } else if (radius <= 65.0f) {
+        l->linear = 0.07f;
+        l->quadratic = 0.017f;
+    } else if (radius <= 100.0f) {
+        l->linear = 0.045f;
+        l->quadratic = 0.0075f;
+    } else if (radius <= 160.0f) {
+        l->linear = 0.027f;
+        l->quadratic = 0.0028f;
+    } else {
+        l->linear = 0.022f;
+        l->quadratic = 0.0019f;
+    }
 }
 
 void pxl8_lights_clear(pxl8_lights* lights) {

src/gfx/pxl8_lights.h

@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ typedef struct pxl8_light {
     u8 intensity;
     f32 radius;
     f32 radius_sq;
+    f32 constant;
+    f32 linear;
+    f32 quadratic;
 } pxl8_light;
 
 typedef struct pxl8_lights pxl8_lights;

src/gfx/pxl8_mesh.h

@@ -31,10 +31,8 @@ typedef struct pxl8_gfx_material {
     bool dither;
     bool double_sided;
     bool dynamic_lighting;
+    bool emissive;
     bool per_pixel;
-    bool vertex_color_passthrough;
-    bool wireframe;
-    f32 emissive_intensity;
 } pxl8_gfx_material;
 
 typedef struct pxl8_vertex {

src/gfx/pxl8_render.h

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pxl8_colormap.h"
+#include "pxl8_render_types.h"
+#include "pxl8_shader.h"
+
+#ifndef PXL8_GFX_ENABLE_STATS
+#define PXL8_GFX_ENABLE_STATS 1
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+typedef struct pxl8_renderer pxl8_renderer;
+typedef struct pxl8_gfx_cmdbuf pxl8_gfx_cmdbuf;
+
+typedef struct pxl8_gfx_stats {
+    u64 draw_calls;
+    u64 triangles;
+    u64 clipped_triangles;
+    u64 depth_tests;
+    u64 depth_passes;
+    u64 shader_calls;
+    u64 pixels_written;
+    u64 light_writes;
+    u64 submit_ns;
+    u64 execute_draw_ns;
+    u64 raster_ns;
+} pxl8_gfx_stats;
+
+pxl8_renderer* pxl8_renderer_create(u32 width, u32 height);
+void pxl8_renderer_destroy(pxl8_renderer* r);
+void pxl8_renderer_set_shader(pxl8_renderer* r, pxl8_shader_fn fn);
+void pxl8_renderer_reset_stats(pxl8_renderer* r);
+const pxl8_gfx_stats* pxl8_renderer_get_stats(const pxl8_renderer* r);
+
+u32 pxl8_renderer_get_width(const pxl8_renderer* r);
+u32 pxl8_renderer_get_height(const pxl8_renderer* r);
+
+pxl8_gfx_bindings pxl8_create_bindings(pxl8_renderer* r, const pxl8_gfx_bindings_desc* desc);
+pxl8_gfx_buffer pxl8_create_buffer(pxl8_renderer* r, const pxl8_gfx_buffer_desc* desc);
+pxl8_gfx_pass pxl8_create_pass(pxl8_renderer* r, const pxl8_gfx_pass_desc* desc);
+pxl8_gfx_pipeline pxl8_create_pipeline(pxl8_renderer* r, const pxl8_gfx_pipeline_desc* desc);
+pxl8_gfx_texture pxl8_create_texture(pxl8_renderer* r, const pxl8_gfx_texture_desc* desc);
+
+void pxl8_destroy_bindings(pxl8_renderer* r, pxl8_gfx_bindings bnd);
+void pxl8_destroy_buffer(pxl8_renderer* r, pxl8_gfx_buffer buf);
+void pxl8_destroy_pass(pxl8_renderer* r, pxl8_gfx_pass pass);
+void pxl8_destroy_pipeline(pxl8_renderer* r, pxl8_gfx_pipeline pip);
+void pxl8_destroy_texture(pxl8_renderer* r, pxl8_gfx_texture tex);
+
+void pxl8_update_buffer(pxl8_renderer* r, pxl8_gfx_buffer buf, const pxl8_gfx_range* data);
+i32 pxl8_append_buffer(pxl8_renderer* r, pxl8_gfx_buffer buf, const pxl8_gfx_range* data);
+void pxl8_update_texture(pxl8_renderer* r, pxl8_gfx_texture tex, const pxl8_gfx_range* data, u32 x, u32 y, u32 w, u32 h);
+
+void* pxl8_buffer_ptr(pxl8_renderer* r, pxl8_gfx_buffer buf);
+u32 pxl8_buffer_size(pxl8_renderer* r, pxl8_gfx_buffer buf);
+
+void* pxl8_texture_get_data(pxl8_renderer* r, pxl8_gfx_texture tex);
+u32 pxl8_texture_get_width(pxl8_renderer* r, pxl8_gfx_texture tex);
+u32 pxl8_texture_get_height(pxl8_renderer* r, pxl8_gfx_texture tex);
+pxl8_gfx_texture_format pxl8_texture_get_format(pxl8_renderer* r, pxl8_gfx_texture tex);
+
+pxl8_gfx_cmdbuf* pxl8_cmdbuf_create(u32 capacity);
+void pxl8_cmdbuf_destroy(pxl8_gfx_cmdbuf* cb);
+void pxl8_cmdbuf_reset(pxl8_gfx_cmdbuf* cb);
+
+void pxl8_begin_pass(pxl8_gfx_cmdbuf* cb, pxl8_gfx_pass pass);
+void pxl8_end_pass(pxl8_gfx_cmdbuf* cb);
+void pxl8_set_bindings(pxl8_gfx_cmdbuf* cb, pxl8_gfx_bindings bindings);
+void pxl8_set_draw_params(pxl8_gfx_cmdbuf* cb, const pxl8_gfx_cmd_draw_params* p);
+void pxl8_set_pipeline(pxl8_gfx_cmdbuf* cb, pxl8_gfx_pipeline pipeline);
+void pxl8_set_scissor(pxl8_gfx_cmdbuf* cb, i32 x, i32 y, u32 w, u32 h);
+void pxl8_set_viewport(pxl8_gfx_cmdbuf* cb, i32 x, i32 y, u32 w, u32 h);
+
+void pxl8_draw(pxl8_gfx_cmdbuf* cb, pxl8_gfx_buffer vb, pxl8_gfx_buffer ib, u32 first, u32 count, u32 base_vertex);
+
+void pxl8_gfx_submit(pxl8_renderer* r, pxl8_gfx_cmdbuf* cb);
+
+void pxl8_clear(pxl8_renderer* r, pxl8_gfx_texture target, u8 color);
+void pxl8_clear_depth(pxl8_renderer* r, pxl8_gfx_texture target);
+void pxl8_clear_light(pxl8_renderer* r, pxl8_gfx_texture target);
+
+void pxl8_draw_pixel(pxl8_renderer* r, pxl8_gfx_texture target, i32 x, i32 y, u8 color);
+u8 pxl8_get_pixel(pxl8_renderer* r, pxl8_gfx_texture target, i32 x, i32 y);
+void pxl8_draw_line(pxl8_renderer* r, pxl8_gfx_texture target, i32 x0, i32 y0, i32 x1, i32 y1, u8 color);
+void pxl8_draw_rect(pxl8_renderer* r, pxl8_gfx_texture target, i32 x, i32 y, i32 w, i32 h, u8 color);
+void pxl8_draw_rect_fill(pxl8_renderer* r, pxl8_gfx_texture target, i32 x, i32 y, i32 w, i32 h, u8 color);
+void pxl8_draw_circle(pxl8_renderer* r, pxl8_gfx_texture target, i32 cx, i32 cy, i32 radius, u8 color);
+void pxl8_draw_circle_fill(pxl8_renderer* r, pxl8_gfx_texture target, i32 cx, i32 cy, i32 radius, u8 color);
+
+void pxl8_resolve_to_rgba(pxl8_renderer* r, pxl8_gfx_texture color, pxl8_gfx_texture light_accum,
+                          const u32* palette, u32* output);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif

src/gfx/pxl8_render_types.h

@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pxl8_atlas.h"
+#include "pxl8_colormap.h"
+#include "pxl8_lights.h"
+#include "pxl8_math.h"
+#include "pxl8_shader.h"
+#include "pxl8_types.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#define PXL8_GFX_MAX_BINDINGS 256
+#define PXL8_GFX_MAX_BUFFERS 512
+#define PXL8_GFX_MAX_PASSES 32
+#define PXL8_GFX_MAX_PIPELINES 128
+#define PXL8_GFX_MAX_TEXTURES 256
+
+typedef struct { u32 id; } pxl8_gfx_buffer;
+typedef struct { u32 id; } pxl8_gfx_texture;
+typedef struct { u32 id; } pxl8_gfx_pipeline;
+typedef struct { u32 id; } pxl8_gfx_bindings;
+typedef struct { u32 id; } pxl8_gfx_pass;
+
+#define PXL8_GFX_INVALID_ID (0)
+#define pxl8_gfx_handle_valid(h) ((h).id != PXL8_GFX_INVALID_ID)
+
+typedef struct pxl8_gfx_range {
+    const void* ptr;
+    u32 size;
+} pxl8_gfx_range;
+
+#define PXL8_GFX_RANGE(x) ((pxl8_gfx_range){ .ptr = &(x), .size = sizeof(x) })
+#define PXL8_GFX_RANGE_REF(p, sz) ((pxl8_gfx_range){ .ptr = (p), .size = (sz) })
+
+typedef enum pxl8_gfx_buffer_type {
+    PXL8_GFX_BUFFER_VERTEX,
+    PXL8_GFX_BUFFER_INDEX,
+} pxl8_gfx_buffer_type;
+
+typedef enum pxl8_gfx_usage {
+    PXL8_GFX_USAGE_IMMUTABLE,
+    PXL8_GFX_USAGE_DYNAMIC,
+    PXL8_GFX_USAGE_STREAM,
+} pxl8_gfx_usage;
+
+typedef enum pxl8_gfx_texture_format {
+    PXL8_GFX_FORMAT_INDEXED8,
+    PXL8_GFX_FORMAT_DEPTH16,
+    PXL8_GFX_FORMAT_LIGHT_ACCUM,
+} pxl8_gfx_texture_format;
+
+typedef enum pxl8_gfx_cull_mode {
+    PXL8_GFX_CULL_NONE,
+    PXL8_GFX_CULL_BACK,
+    PXL8_GFX_CULL_FRONT,
+} pxl8_gfx_cull_mode;
+
+typedef enum pxl8_gfx_fill_mode {
+    PXL8_GFX_FILL_SOLID,
+    PXL8_GFX_FILL_WIREFRAME,
+} pxl8_gfx_fill_mode;
+
+typedef enum pxl8_gfx_compare_func {
+    PXL8_GFX_COMPARE_NEVER,
+    PXL8_GFX_COMPARE_LESS,
+    PXL8_GFX_COMPARE_EQUAL,
+    PXL8_GFX_COMPARE_LEQUAL,
+    PXL8_GFX_COMPARE_GREATER,
+    PXL8_GFX_COMPARE_NOTEQUAL,
+    PXL8_GFX_COMPARE_GEQUAL,
+    PXL8_GFX_COMPARE_ALWAYS,
+} pxl8_gfx_compare_func;
+
+typedef enum pxl8_gfx_blend_factor {
+    PXL8_GFX_BLEND_ZERO,
+    PXL8_GFX_BLEND_ONE,
+    PXL8_GFX_BLEND_SRC_ALPHA,
+    PXL8_GFX_BLEND_INV_SRC_ALPHA,
+    PXL8_GFX_BLEND_DST_ALPHA,
+    PXL8_GFX_BLEND_INV_DST_ALPHA,
+} pxl8_gfx_blend_factor;
+
+typedef enum pxl8_gfx_load_op {
+    PXL8_GFX_LOAD_CLEAR,
+    PXL8_GFX_LOAD_LOAD,
+    PXL8_GFX_LOAD_DONT_CARE,
+} pxl8_gfx_load_op;
+
+typedef enum pxl8_gfx_store_op {
+    PXL8_GFX_STORE_STORE,
+    PXL8_GFX_STORE_DONT_CARE,
+} pxl8_gfx_store_op;
+
+typedef struct pxl8_gfx_buffer_desc {
+    pxl8_gfx_range data;
+    u32 capacity;
+    pxl8_gfx_buffer_type type;
+    pxl8_gfx_usage usage;
+} pxl8_gfx_buffer_desc;
+
+typedef struct pxl8_gfx_texture_desc {
+    u32 width;
+    u32 height;
+    pxl8_gfx_texture_format format;
+    pxl8_gfx_range data;
+    pxl8_gfx_usage usage;
+    bool render_target;
+} pxl8_gfx_texture_desc;
+
+typedef pxl8_shader_fn pxl8_gfx_shader;
+
+typedef struct pxl8_gfx_pipeline_desc {
+    struct {
+        bool enabled;
+        pxl8_gfx_blend_factor src;
+        pxl8_gfx_blend_factor dst;
+        bool alpha_test;
+        u8 alpha_ref;
+    } blend;
+
+    struct {
+        bool test;
+        bool write;
+        pxl8_gfx_compare_func compare;
+    } depth;
+
+    bool dither;
+    bool double_sided;
+    bool emissive;
+
+    struct {
+        pxl8_gfx_cull_mode cull;
+        pxl8_gfx_fill_mode fill;
+    } rasterizer;
+
+    pxl8_gfx_shader shader;
+} pxl8_gfx_pipeline_desc;
+
+typedef struct pxl8_gfx_bindings_desc {
+    const pxl8_atlas* atlas;
+    const pxl8_colormap* colormap;
+    const u32* palette;
+    u32 texture_id;
+} pxl8_gfx_bindings_desc;
+
+typedef struct pxl8_gfx_pass_color_attachment {
+    pxl8_gfx_texture texture;
+    pxl8_gfx_load_op load;
+    pxl8_gfx_store_op store;
+    u8 clear_value;
+} pxl8_gfx_pass_color_attachment;
+
+typedef struct pxl8_gfx_pass_depth_attachment {
+    pxl8_gfx_texture texture;
+    pxl8_gfx_load_op load;
+    u16 clear_value;
+} pxl8_gfx_pass_depth_attachment;
+
+typedef struct pxl8_gfx_pass_light_attachment {
+    pxl8_gfx_texture texture;
+    pxl8_gfx_load_op load;
+} pxl8_gfx_pass_light_attachment;
+
+typedef struct pxl8_gfx_pass_desc {
+    pxl8_gfx_pass_color_attachment color;
+    pxl8_gfx_pass_depth_attachment depth;
+    pxl8_gfx_pass_light_attachment light_accum;
+} pxl8_gfx_pass_desc;
+
+typedef struct pxl8_gfx_cmd_draw_params {
+    pxl8_mat4 model;
+    pxl8_mat4 projection;
+    pxl8_shader_uniforms shader;
+    pxl8_mat4 view;
+} pxl8_gfx_cmd_draw_params;
+
+typedef enum pxl8_gfx_cmd_type {
+    PXL8_GFX_CMD_BEGIN_PASS,
+    PXL8_GFX_CMD_END_PASS,
+    PXL8_GFX_CMD_SET_PIPELINE,
+    PXL8_GFX_CMD_SET_BINDINGS,
+    PXL8_GFX_CMD_SET_VIEWPORT,
+    PXL8_GFX_CMD_SET_SCISSOR,
+    PXL8_GFX_CMD_SET_DRAW_PARAMS,
+    PXL8_GFX_CMD_DRAW,
+    PXL8_GFX_CMD_RESOLVE,
+} pxl8_gfx_cmd_type;
+
+typedef struct pxl8_gfx_cmd_begin_pass {
+    pxl8_gfx_pass pass;
+} pxl8_gfx_cmd_begin_pass;
+
+typedef struct pxl8_gfx_cmd_set_pipeline {
+    pxl8_gfx_pipeline pipeline;
+} pxl8_gfx_cmd_set_pipeline;
+
+typedef struct pxl8_gfx_cmd_set_bindings {
+    pxl8_gfx_bindings bindings;
+} pxl8_gfx_cmd_set_bindings;
+
+typedef struct pxl8_gfx_cmd_set_viewport {
+    i32 x, y;
+    u32 w, h;
+} pxl8_gfx_cmd_set_viewport;
+
+typedef struct pxl8_gfx_cmd_set_scissor {
+    i32 x, y;
+    u32 w, h;
+} pxl8_gfx_cmd_set_scissor;
+
+typedef struct pxl8_gfx_cmd_draw {
+    pxl8_gfx_buffer vertex_buffer;
+    pxl8_gfx_buffer index_buffer;
+    u32 base_vertex;
+    u32 first_index;
+    u32 index_count;
+} pxl8_gfx_cmd_draw;
+
+typedef struct pxl8_gfx_cmd_resolve {
+    pxl8_gfx_texture src;
+    u32* output;
+} pxl8_gfx_cmd_resolve;
+
+typedef struct pxl8_gfx_cmd {
+    pxl8_gfx_cmd_type type;
+    union {
+        pxl8_gfx_cmd_begin_pass begin_pass;
+        pxl8_gfx_cmd_set_pipeline set_pipeline;
+        pxl8_gfx_cmd_set_bindings set_bindings;
+        pxl8_gfx_cmd_set_viewport set_viewport;
+        pxl8_gfx_cmd_set_scissor set_scissor;
+        pxl8_gfx_cmd_draw draw;
+        pxl8_gfx_cmd_draw_params draw_params;
+        pxl8_gfx_cmd_resolve resolve;
+    };
+} pxl8_gfx_cmd;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif

src/gfx/pxl8_shader.h

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pxl8_lights.h"
+#include "pxl8_math.h"
+#include "pxl8_types.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+typedef struct pxl8_vertex_in {
+    pxl8_vec3 a_position;
+    pxl8_vec3 a_normal;
+    pxl8_vec2 a_uv;
+    u8 a_color;
+    u8 a_light;
+} pxl8_vertex_in;
+
+typedef struct pxl8_vertex_out {
+    pxl8_vec4 gl_Position;
+    pxl8_vec2 v_uv;
+    pxl8_vec3 v_world;
+    pxl8_vec3 v_normal;
+    f32 v_light;
+    f32 v_depth;
+} pxl8_vertex_out;
+
+typedef struct pxl8_shader_uniforms {
+    u8 ambient;
+    bool baked_lighting;
+    pxl8_vec3 celestial_dir;
+    f32 celestial_intensity;
+    bool dither;
+    bool dynamic_lighting;
+    bool emissive;
+    u8 fog_color;
+    f32 fog_density;
+    const pxl8_light* lights;
+    u32 lights_count;
+    bool textures;
+    f32 time;
+} pxl8_shader_uniforms;
+
+typedef struct pxl8_shader_bindings {
+    const u8* colormap;
+    const u32* palette;
+    const u8* atlas;
+    u32 width, height;
+    bool use_tiled;
+    union {
+        struct {
+            u32 stride;
+            u32 x, y;
+        } linear;
+        struct {
+            u32 base;
+            u8 log2_w;
+        } tiled;
+    };
+} pxl8_shader_bindings;
+
+typedef struct pxl8_shader_ctx {
+    i32 x, y;
+    pxl8_vec2 v_uv;
+    pxl8_vec3 v_world;
+    pxl8_vec3 v_normal;
+    f32 v_color;
+    f32 v_light;
+    f32 v_depth;
+    u32 out_light_color;
+} pxl8_shader_ctx;
+
+typedef u8 (*pxl8_shader_fn)(
+    pxl8_shader_ctx* ctx,
+    const pxl8_shader_bindings* bindings,
+    const pxl8_shader_uniforms* uniforms
+);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif

src/gfx/pxl8_shader_builtins.h

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pxl8_dither.h"
+#include "pxl8_math.h"
+#include "pxl8_shader.h"
+#include "pxl8_types.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+static inline pxl8_vec2 pxl8_swizzle_xy(pxl8_vec4 v) { return (pxl8_vec2){v.x, v.y}; }
+static inline pxl8_vec2 pxl8_swizzle_xz(pxl8_vec4 v) { return (pxl8_vec2){v.x, v.z}; }
+static inline pxl8_vec2 pxl8_swizzle_xw(pxl8_vec4 v) { return (pxl8_vec2){v.x, v.w}; }
+static inline pxl8_vec2 pxl8_swizzle_yz(pxl8_vec4 v) { return (pxl8_vec2){v.y, v.z}; }
+static inline pxl8_vec2 pxl8_swizzle_yw(pxl8_vec4 v) { return (pxl8_vec2){v.y, v.w}; }
+static inline pxl8_vec2 pxl8_swizzle_zw(pxl8_vec4 v) { return (pxl8_vec2){v.z, v.w}; }
+
+static inline pxl8_vec3 pxl8_swizzle_xyz(pxl8_vec4 v) { return (pxl8_vec3){v.x, v.y, v.z}; }
+static inline pxl8_vec3 pxl8_swizzle_xyw(pxl8_vec4 v) { return (pxl8_vec3){v.x, v.y, v.w}; }
+static inline pxl8_vec3 pxl8_swizzle_xzw(pxl8_vec4 v) { return (pxl8_vec3){v.x, v.z, v.w}; }
+static inline pxl8_vec3 pxl8_swizzle_yzw(pxl8_vec4 v) { return (pxl8_vec3){v.y, v.z, v.w}; }
+
+static inline u32 pxl8_tile_addr(u32 u, u32 v, u8 log2_w) {
+    u32 tile_y = v >> 3;
+    u32 tile_x = u >> 3;
+    u32 local_y = v & 7;
+    u32 local_x = u & 7;
+    return (tile_y << (log2_w + 3)) | (tile_x << 6) | (local_y << 3) | local_x;
+}
+
+static inline u8 pxl8_sample_indexed(const pxl8_shader_bindings* b, pxl8_vec2 uv) {
+    if (!b || !b->atlas) return 0;
+    u32 w = b->width;
+    u32 h = b->height;
+    if (w == 0 || h == 0) return 0;
+    u32 u = (u32)(uv.x * (f32)w) & (w - 1);
+    u32 v = (u32)(uv.y * (f32)h) & (h - 1);
+    if (b->use_tiled) {
+        return b->atlas[b->tiled.base + pxl8_tile_addr(u, v, b->tiled.log2_w)];
+    } else {
+        return b->atlas[(b->linear.y + v) * b->linear.stride + b->linear.x + u];
+    }
+}
+
+static inline u8 pxl8_colormap_lookup(const pxl8_shader_bindings* b, u8 color, u8 light) {
+    if (!b) return color;
+    const u8* cm = b->colormap;
+    if (!cm) return color;
+    u32 row = light >> 5;
+    return cm[(row << 8) | (u32)color];
+}
+
+static inline f32 pxl8_light_falloff(const pxl8_shader_ctx* ctx, const pxl8_shader_uniforms* u, u32 light_idx) {
+    if (!u || light_idx >= u->lights_count) return 0.0f;
+    const pxl8_light* light = &u->lights[light_idx];
+    f32 dx = light->position.x - ctx->v_world.x;
+    f32 dy = light->position.y - ctx->v_world.y;
+    f32 dz = light->position.z - ctx->v_world.z;
+    f32 dist_sq = dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz;
+    if (dist_sq >= light->radius_sq) return 0.0f;
+    return 1.0f - dist_sq * light->inv_radius_sq;
+}
+
+static inline u32 pxl8_light_color(const pxl8_shader_uniforms* u, u32 light_idx) {
+    if (!u || light_idx >= u->lights_count) return 0;
+    const pxl8_light* light = &u->lights[light_idx];
+    return (u32)light->r | ((u32)light->g << 8) | ((u32)light->b << 16);
+}
+
+static inline void pxl8_set_light_tint(pxl8_shader_ctx* ctx, u32 color, f32 strength) {
+    if (strength <= 0.0f) return;
+    if (strength > 1.0f) strength = 1.0f;
+    u32 alpha = (u32)(strength * 255.0f);
+    ctx->out_light_color = (color & 0x00FFFFFF) | (alpha << 24);
+}
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif

src/gfx/pxl8_shader_registry.c

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#include "pxl8_shader_registry.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+extern u8 pxl8_shader_lit(pxl8_shader_ctx* ctx, const pxl8_shader_bindings* bindings, const pxl8_shader_uniforms* uniforms);
+extern u8 pxl8_shader_unlit(pxl8_shader_ctx* ctx, const pxl8_shader_bindings* bindings, const pxl8_shader_uniforms* uniforms);
+
+void pxl8_shader_registry_init(void) {}
+void pxl8_shader_registry_reload(void) {}
+
+pxl8_shader_fn pxl8_shader_registry_get(const char* name) {
+    if (strcmp(name, "lit") == 0) return (pxl8_shader_fn)pxl8_shader_lit;
+    if (strcmp(name, "unlit") == 0) return (pxl8_shader_fn)pxl8_shader_unlit;
+    return NULL;
+}

src/gfx/pxl8_shader_registry.h

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pxl8_shader.h"
+
+void pxl8_shader_registry_init(void);
+void pxl8_shader_registry_reload(void);
+pxl8_shader_fn pxl8_shader_registry_get(const char* name);

src/gfx/pxl8_shader_runtime.c

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#include "pxl8_shader_runtime.h"
+#include "pxl8_log.h"
+
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+struct pxl8_shader_lib {
+    void* handle;
+    char path[256];
+};
+
+pxl8_shader_lib* pxl8_shader_lib_load(const char* path) {
+    void* handle = dlopen(path, RTLD_NOW);
+    if (!handle) {
+        pxl8_error("Failed to load shader library: %s - %s", path, dlerror());
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    pxl8_shader_lib* lib = malloc(sizeof(pxl8_shader_lib));
+    lib->handle = handle;
+    strncpy(lib->path, path, sizeof(lib->path) - 1);
+    lib->path[sizeof(lib->path) - 1] = '\0';
+
+    return lib;
+}
+
+void pxl8_shader_lib_unload(pxl8_shader_lib* lib) {
+    if (!lib) return;
+    if (lib->handle) {
+        dlclose(lib->handle);
+    }
+    free(lib);
+}
+
+bool pxl8_shader_lib_reload(pxl8_shader_lib* lib) {
+    if (!lib) return false;
+
+    if (lib->handle) {
+        dlclose(lib->handle);
+    }
+
+    lib->handle = dlopen(lib->path, RTLD_NOW);
+    if (!lib->handle) {
+        pxl8_error("Failed to reload shader library: %s - %s", lib->path, dlerror());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+pxl8_shader_fn pxl8_shader_lib_get(pxl8_shader_lib* lib, const char* name) {
+    if (!lib || !lib->handle) return NULL;
+
+    char symbol[128];
+    snprintf(symbol, sizeof(symbol), "pxl8_shader_%s", name);
+
+    void* fn = dlsym(lib->handle, symbol);
+    if (!fn) {
+        pxl8_error("Failed to find shader: %s - %s", symbol, dlerror());
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    return (pxl8_shader_fn)fn;
+}

src/gfx/pxl8_shader_runtime.h

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pxl8_shader.h"
+#include "pxl8_types.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+typedef struct pxl8_shader_lib pxl8_shader_lib;
+
+pxl8_shader_lib* pxl8_shader_lib_load(const char* path);
+void pxl8_shader_lib_unload(pxl8_shader_lib* lib);
+bool pxl8_shader_lib_reload(pxl8_shader_lib* lib);
+
+pxl8_shader_fn pxl8_shader_lib_get(pxl8_shader_lib* lib, const char* name);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif

src/gfx/shaders/cpu/lit.c

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+#include "pxl8_macros.h"
+#include "pxl8_shader.h"
+#include "pxl8_shader_builtins.h"
+
+u8 pxl8_shader_lit(
+    pxl8_shader_ctx* ctx,
+    const pxl8_shader_bindings* bindings,
+    const pxl8_shader_uniforms* uniforms
+) {
+    u8 tex_idx = 0;
+    if (bindings && bindings->atlas) {
+        tex_idx = pxl8_sample_indexed(bindings, ctx->v_uv);
+        if (pxl8_unlikely(tex_idx == 0)) return 0;
+    } else {
+        if (uniforms && uniforms->dither) {
+            tex_idx = pxl8_gfx_dither(ctx->v_color, (u32)ctx->x, (u32)ctx->y);
+        } else {
+            f32 clamped = pxl8_clamp(ctx->v_color, 0.0f, 255.0f);
+            tex_idx = (u8)(clamped);
+        }
+    }
+
+    f32 light = ctx->v_light;
+
+    if (uniforms) {
+        f32 ambient = (f32)uniforms->ambient / 255.0f;
+        if (ambient > light) light = ambient;
+
+        if (uniforms->celestial_intensity > 0.0f) {
+            f32 ndotl = -(ctx->v_normal.x * uniforms->celestial_dir.x +
+                          ctx->v_normal.y * uniforms->celestial_dir.y +
+                          ctx->v_normal.z * uniforms->celestial_dir.z);
+            if (ndotl > 0.0f) {
+                light += ndotl * uniforms->celestial_intensity;
+            }
+        }
+
+        f32 dyn_strength = 0.0f;
+        f32 dyn_r = 0.0f;
+        f32 dyn_g = 0.0f;
+        f32 dyn_b = 0.0f;
+
+        for (u32 i = 0; i < uniforms->lights_count; i++) {
+            const pxl8_light* l = &uniforms->lights[i];
+            f32 lx = l->position.x - ctx->v_world.x;
+            f32 ly = l->position.y - ctx->v_world.y;
+            f32 lz = l->position.z - ctx->v_world.z;
+            f32 dist_sq = lx * lx + ly * ly + lz * lz;
+            if (dist_sq >= l->radius_sq) continue;
+
+            f32 inv_dist = pxl8_fast_inv_sqrt(dist_sq);
+            f32 nx = lx * inv_dist;
+            f32 ny = ly * inv_dist;
+            f32 nz = lz * inv_dist;
+
+            f32 ndotl = ctx->v_normal.x * nx + ctx->v_normal.y * ny + ctx->v_normal.z * nz;
+            if (ndotl <= 0.0f) continue;
+
+            f32 falloff = 1.0f - dist_sq * l->inv_radius_sq;
+            if (falloff <= 0.0f) continue;
+            if (uniforms->dither && falloff < 0.33f) {
+                f32 threshold = (PXL8_BAYER_4X4[((u32)ctx->y & 3) * 4 + ((u32)ctx->x & 3)] + 0.5f) * (1.0f / 16.0f);
+                if (falloff < threshold * 0.33f) continue;
+            }
+
+            f32 strength = ((f32)l->intensity / 255.0f) * falloff * ndotl;
+            if (strength <= 0.0f) continue;
+
+            dyn_strength += strength;
+            dyn_r += strength * (f32)l->r;
+            dyn_g += strength * (f32)l->g;
+            dyn_b += strength * (f32)l->b;
+        }
+
+        if (dyn_strength > 0.0f) {
+            f32 inv = pxl8_fast_rcp(dyn_strength);
+            u8 r = (u8)pxl8_clamp(dyn_r * inv, 0.0f, 255.0f);
+            u8 g = (u8)pxl8_clamp(dyn_g * inv, 0.0f, 255.0f);
+            u8 b = (u8)pxl8_clamp(dyn_b * inv, 0.0f, 255.0f);
+            u8 a = (u8)pxl8_clamp(dyn_strength * 255.0f, 0.0f, 255.0f);
+            ctx->out_light_color = (u32)r | ((u32)g << 8) | ((u32)b << 16) | ((u32)a << 24);
+            light += dyn_strength;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (light > 1.0f) light = 1.0f;
+    if (light < 0.0f) light = 0.0f;
+
+    f32 light_f = light * 255.0f;
+    u8 light_u8 = (u8)light_f;
+    if (uniforms && uniforms->dither) {
+        light_u8 = pxl8_gfx_dither(light_f, (u32)ctx->x, (u32)ctx->y);
+    }
+
+    u8 shaded = pxl8_colormap_lookup(bindings, tex_idx, light_u8);
+
+    if (uniforms && uniforms->emissive) {
+        u32 rgb = 0x00FFFFFF;
+        if (bindings && bindings->palette) {
+            rgb = bindings->palette[tex_idx] & 0x00FFFFFF;
+        }
+        pxl8_set_light_tint(ctx, rgb, 1.0f);
+    }
+
+    return shaded;
+}

src/gfx/shaders/cpu/unlit.c

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#include "pxl8_shader.h"
+#include "pxl8_shader_builtins.h"
+
+u8 pxl8_shader_unlit(
+    pxl8_shader_ctx* ctx,
+    const pxl8_shader_bindings* bindings,
+    const pxl8_shader_uniforms* uniforms
+) {
+    u8 tex_idx = 0;
+    if (bindings && bindings->atlas) {
+        tex_idx = pxl8_sample_indexed(bindings, ctx->v_uv);
+        if (tex_idx == 0) return 0;
+    } else {
+        if (uniforms && uniforms->dither) {
+            tex_idx = pxl8_gfx_dither(ctx->v_color, (u32)ctx->x, (u32)ctx->y);
+        } else {
+            f32 clamped = pxl8_clamp(ctx->v_color, 0.0f, 255.0f);
+            tex_idx = (u8)(clamped);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (uniforms && uniforms->emissive) {
+        u32 rgb = 0x00FFFFFF;
+        if (bindings && bindings->palette) {
+            rgb = bindings->palette[tex_idx] & 0x00FFFFFF;
+        }
+        pxl8_set_light_tint(ctx, rgb, 1.0f);
+    }
+
+    return tex_idx;
+}

src/gui/pxl8_gui.c

@@ -20,19 +20,19 @@ void pxl8_gui_state_destroy(pxl8_gui_state* state) {
 }
 
 void pxl8_gui_begin_frame(pxl8_gui_state* state, pxl8_gfx* gfx) {
+    (void)gfx;
     if (!state) return;
     state->hot_id = 0;
-    if (gfx) pxl8_gfx_push_target(gfx);
 }
 
 void pxl8_gui_end_frame(pxl8_gui_state* state, pxl8_gfx* gfx) {
+    (void)gfx;
     if (!state) return;
 
     if (!state->cursor_down) {
         state->active_id = 0;
     }
     state->cursor_clicked = false;
-    if (gfx) pxl8_gfx_pop_target(gfx);
 }
 
 void pxl8_gui_cursor_move(pxl8_gui_state* state, i32 x, i32 y) {

src/lua/pxl8.lua

@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@ local anim = require("pxl8.anim")
 local bytes = require("pxl8.bytes")
 local core = require("pxl8.core")
 local effects = require("pxl8.effects")
-local gfx2d = require("pxl8.gfx2d")
+local gfx = require("pxl8.gfx")
-local gfx3d = require("pxl8.gfx3d")
 local gui = require("pxl8.gui")
 local input = require("pxl8.input")
 local math = require("pxl8.math")
@@ -44,25 +43,27 @@ pxl8.set_palette = core.set_palette
 pxl8.set_palette_rgb = core.set_palette_rgb
 pxl8.update_palette_deps = core.update_palette_deps
 
-pxl8.clear = gfx2d.clear
+pxl8.clear = gfx.clear
-pxl8.pixel = gfx2d.pixel
+pxl8.pixel = gfx.pixel
-pxl8.line = gfx2d.line
+pxl8.line = gfx.line
-pxl8.rect = gfx2d.rect
+pxl8.rect = gfx.rect
-pxl8.rect_fill = gfx2d.rect_fill
+pxl8.rect_fill = gfx.rect_fill
-pxl8.circle = gfx2d.circle
+pxl8.circle = gfx.circle
-pxl8.circle_fill = gfx2d.circle_fill
+pxl8.circle_fill = gfx.circle_fill
-pxl8.text = gfx2d.text
+pxl8.text = gfx.text
-pxl8.sprite = gfx2d.sprite
+pxl8.sprite = gfx.sprite
-pxl8.load_palette = gfx2d.load_palette
+pxl8.load_palette = gfx.load_palette
-pxl8.load_sprite = gfx2d.load_sprite
+pxl8.load_sprite = gfx.load_sprite
-pxl8.create_texture = gfx2d.create_texture
+pxl8.create_texture = gfx.create_texture
-pxl8.gfx_color_ramp = gfx2d.color_ramp
+pxl8.gfx_color_ramp = gfx.color_ramp
-pxl8.gfx_fade_palette = gfx2d.fade_palette
+pxl8.gfx_fade_palette = gfx.fade_palette
-pxl8.gfx_cycle_palette = gfx2d.cycle_palette
+pxl8.gfx_cycle_palette = gfx.cycle_palette
-pxl8.add_palette_cycle = gfx2d.add_palette_cycle
+pxl8.add_palette_cycle = gfx.add_palette_cycle
-pxl8.remove_palette_cycle = gfx2d.remove_palette_cycle
+pxl8.remove_palette_cycle = gfx.remove_palette_cycle
-pxl8.set_palette_cycle_speed = gfx2d.set_palette_cycle_speed
+pxl8.set_palette_cycle_speed = gfx.set_palette_cycle_speed
-pxl8.clear_palette_cycles = gfx2d.clear_palette_cycles
+pxl8.clear_palette_cycles = gfx.clear_palette_cycles
+pxl8.push_target = gfx.push_target
+pxl8.pop_target = gfx.pop_target
 
 pxl8.key_down = input.key_down
 pxl8.key_pressed = input.key_pressed
@@ -86,26 +87,23 @@ pxl8.create_anim_from_ase = anim.Anim.from_ase
 
 pxl8.bounds = math.bounds
 
-pxl8.Camera3D = gfx3d.Camera3D
+pxl8.Camera3D = gfx.Camera3D
-pxl8.Material = gfx3d.Material
+pxl8.Material = gfx.Material
-pxl8.Mesh = gfx3d.Mesh
+pxl8.Mesh = gfx.Mesh
-pxl8.begin_frame_3d = gfx3d.begin_frame
+pxl8.begin_frame_3d = gfx.begin_frame_3d
-pxl8.clear_3d = gfx3d.clear
+pxl8.clear_3d = gfx.clear_3d
-pxl8.clear_depth = gfx3d.clear_depth
+pxl8.clear_depth = gfx.clear_depth
-pxl8.create_camera_3d = gfx3d.Camera3D.new
+pxl8.create_camera_3d = gfx.Camera3D.new
-pxl8.create_material = gfx3d.create_material
+pxl8.create_material = gfx.create_material
-pxl8.create_mesh = gfx3d.Mesh.new
+pxl8.create_mesh = gfx.Mesh.new
-pxl8.create_vec3_array = gfx3d.create_vec3_array
+pxl8.create_vec3_array = gfx.create_vec3_array
-pxl8.draw_line_3d = gfx3d.draw_line
+pxl8.draw_line_3d = gfx.draw_line_3d
-pxl8.draw_mesh = gfx3d.draw_mesh
+pxl8.draw_mesh = gfx.draw_mesh
-pxl8.end_frame_3d = gfx3d.end_frame
+pxl8.end_frame_3d = gfx.end_frame_3d
-pxl8.project_points = gfx3d.project_points
+pxl8.project_points = gfx.project_points
+pxl8.set_wireframe = gfx.set_wireframe
+pxl8.get_wireframe = gfx.get_wireframe
 
-pxl8.GLOW_CIRCLE = effects.GLOW_CIRCLE
-pxl8.GLOW_DIAMOND = effects.GLOW_DIAMOND
-pxl8.GLOW_SHAFT = effects.GLOW_SHAFT
-pxl8.Glows = effects.Glows
-pxl8.create_glows = effects.Glows.new
 pxl8.Lights = effects.Lights
 pxl8.create_lights = effects.Lights.new
 

src/lua/pxl8/effects.lua

@@ -1,49 +1,8 @@
 local ffi = require("ffi")
 local C = ffi.C
-local core = require("pxl8.core")
 
 local effects = {}
 
-effects.GLOW_CIRCLE = 0
-effects.GLOW_DIAMOND = 1
-effects.GLOW_SHAFT = 2
-
-local Glows = {}
-Glows.__index = Glows
-
-function Glows.new(capacity)
-    local ptr = C.pxl8_glows_create(capacity or 1000)
-    if ptr == nil then
-        return nil
-    end
-    return setmetatable({ _ptr = ptr }, Glows)
-end
-
-function Glows:add(x, y, radius, intensity, color, shape)
-    C.pxl8_glows_add(self._ptr, x, y, radius or 8, intensity or 255, color or 15, shape or 0)
-end
-
-function Glows:clear()
-    C.pxl8_glows_clear(self._ptr)
-end
-
-function Glows:count()
-    return C.pxl8_glows_count(self._ptr)
-end
-
-function Glows:destroy()
-    if self._ptr then
-        C.pxl8_glows_destroy(self._ptr)
-        self._ptr = nil
-    end
-end
-
-function Glows:render()
-    C.pxl8_glows_render(self._ptr, core.gfx)
-end
-
-effects.Glows = Glows
-
 local Lights = {}
 Lights.__index = Lights
 

src/lua/pxl8/gfx.lua

@@ -2,7 +2,108 @@ local ffi = require("ffi")
 local C = ffi.C
 local core = require("pxl8.core")
 
-local gfx3d = {}
+local gfx = {}
+
+function gfx.clear(color)
+    C.pxl8_2d_clear(core.gfx, color or 0)
+end
+
+function gfx.pixel(x, y, color)
+    if color then
+        C.pxl8_2d_pixel(core.gfx, x, y, color)
+    else
+        return C.pxl8_2d_get_pixel(core.gfx, x, y)
+    end
+end
+
+function gfx.line(x0, y0, x1, y1, color)
+    C.pxl8_2d_line(core.gfx, x0, y0, x1, y1, color)
+end
+
+function gfx.rect(x, y, w, h, color)
+    C.pxl8_2d_rect(core.gfx, x, y, w, h, color)
+end
+
+function gfx.rect_fill(x, y, w, h, color)
+    C.pxl8_2d_rect_fill(core.gfx, x, y, w, h, color)
+end
+
+function gfx.circle(x, y, r, color)
+    C.pxl8_2d_circle(core.gfx, x, y, r, color)
+end
+
+function gfx.circle_fill(x, y, r, color)
+    C.pxl8_2d_circle_fill(core.gfx, x, y, r, color)
+end
+
+function gfx.text(str, x, y, color)
+    C.pxl8_2d_text(core.gfx, str, x or 0, y or 0, color or 15)
+end
+
+function gfx.sprite(id, x, y, w, h, flip_x, flip_y)
+    C.pxl8_2d_sprite(core.gfx, id or 0, x or 0, y or 0, w or 16, h or 16, flip_x or false, flip_y or false)
+end
+
+function gfx.load_palette(filepath)
+    return C.pxl8_gfx_load_palette(core.gfx, filepath)
+end
+
+function gfx.load_sprite(filepath)
+    local result = C.pxl8_gfx_load_sprite(core.gfx, filepath)
+    if result >= 0 and result < 100 then
+        return result
+    else
+        return nil, result
+    end
+end
+
+function gfx.create_texture(pixels, width, height)
+    local pixel_data = ffi.new("u8[?]", width * height)
+    for i = 0, width * height - 1 do
+        pixel_data[i] = pixels[i + 1] or 0
+    end
+    local result = C.pxl8_gfx_create_texture(core.gfx, pixel_data, width, height)
+    if result < 0 then
+        return nil
+    end
+    return result
+end
+
+function gfx.color_ramp(start, count, from_color, to_color)
+    C.pxl8_gfx_color_ramp(core.gfx, start, count, from_color, to_color)
+end
+
+function gfx.fade_palette(start, count, amount, target_color)
+    C.pxl8_gfx_fade_palette(core.gfx, start, count, amount, target_color)
+end
+
+function gfx.cycle_palette(start, count, step)
+    C.pxl8_gfx_cycle_palette(core.gfx, start, count, step or 1)
+end
+
+function gfx.add_palette_cycle(start_index, end_index, speed)
+    return C.pxl8_gfx_add_palette_cycle(core.gfx, start_index, end_index, speed or 1.0)
+end
+
+function gfx.remove_palette_cycle(cycle_id)
+    C.pxl8_gfx_remove_palette_cycle(core.gfx, cycle_id)
+end
+
+function gfx.set_palette_cycle_speed(cycle_id, speed)
+    C.pxl8_gfx_set_palette_cycle_speed(core.gfx, cycle_id, speed)
+end
+
+function gfx.clear_palette_cycles()
+    C.pxl8_gfx_clear_palette_cycles(core.gfx)
+end
+
+function gfx.push_target()
+    return C.pxl8_gfx_push_target(core.gfx)
+end
+
+function gfx.pop_target()
+    C.pxl8_gfx_pop_target(core.gfx)
+end
 
 local Camera3D = {}
 Camera3D.__index = Camera3D
@@ -84,8 +185,6 @@ function Camera3D:world_to_screen(x, y, z, width, height)
     return nil
 end
 
-gfx3d.Camera3D = Camera3D
-
 local Mesh = {}
 Mesh.__index = Mesh
 
@@ -127,35 +226,43 @@ function Mesh:clear()
     end
 end
 
-gfx3d.Mesh = Mesh
+gfx.Camera3D = Camera3D
 
-function gfx3d.draw_mesh(mesh, opts)
+gfx.Mesh = Mesh
+
+function gfx.draw_mesh(mesh, opts)
+    if not mesh or not mesh._ptr then
+        return
+    end
     opts = opts or {}
-    local model = ffi.new("pxl8_mat4")
+    local model
-    local s = opts.scale or 1
+    if opts.transform then
-    model.m[0] = s
+        model = opts.transform
-    model.m[5] = s
+    else
-    model.m[10] = s
+        model = ffi.new("pxl8_mat4")
-    model.m[15] = 1
+        local s = opts.scale or 1
-    if opts.x then model.m[12] = opts.x end
+        model.m[0] = s
-    if opts.y then model.m[13] = opts.y end
+        model.m[5] = s
-    if opts.z then model.m[14] = opts.z end
+        model.m[10] = s
+        model.m[15] = 1
+        if opts.x then model.m[12] = opts.x end
+        if opts.y then model.m[13] = opts.y end
+        if opts.z then model.m[14] = opts.z end
+    end
     local material = ffi.new("pxl8_gfx_material", {
-        texture_id = opts.texture or 0,
         alpha = opts.alpha or 255,
         blend_mode = opts.blend_mode or 0,
         dither = opts.dither ~= false,
         double_sided = opts.double_sided or false,
         dynamic_lighting = opts.lighting or false,
+        emissive = opts.emissive or false,
         per_pixel = opts.per_pixel or false,
-        vertex_color_passthrough = opts.passthrough or false,
+        texture_id = opts.texture or 0xFFFFFFFF,
-        wireframe = opts.wireframe or false,
-        emissive_intensity = opts.emissive or 0.0,
     })
     C.pxl8_3d_draw_mesh(core.gfx, mesh._ptr, model, material)
 end
 
-function gfx3d.begin_frame(camera, lights, uniforms)
+function gfx.begin_frame_3d(camera, lights, uniforms)
     uniforms = uniforms or {}
     local u = ffi.new("pxl8_3d_uniforms")
 
@@ -164,68 +271,82 @@ function gfx3d.begin_frame(camera, lights, uniforms)
     u.fog_density = uniforms.fog_density or 0.0
     u.time = uniforms.time or 0.0
 
+    local cx, cy, cz
     if uniforms.celestial_dir then
-        u.celestial_dir.x = uniforms.celestial_dir[1] or 0
+        cx = uniforms.celestial_dir[1] or 0
-        u.celestial_dir.y = uniforms.celestial_dir[2] or -1
+        cy = uniforms.celestial_dir[2] or -1
-        u.celestial_dir.z = uniforms.celestial_dir[3] or 0
+        cz = uniforms.celestial_dir[3] or 0
     else
-        u.celestial_dir.x = 0
+        cx, cy, cz = 0, -1, 0
-        u.celestial_dir.y = -1
-        u.celestial_dir.z = 0
     end
+    local len = math.sqrt(cx * cx + cy * cy + cz * cz)
+    if len > 0.0001 then
+        local inv = 1.0 / len
+        cx, cy, cz = cx * inv, cy * inv, cz * inv
+    end
+    u.celestial_dir.x = cx
+    u.celestial_dir.y = cy
+    u.celestial_dir.z = cz
     u.celestial_intensity = uniforms.celestial_intensity or 0.0
 
     local lights_ptr = lights and lights._ptr or nil
     C.pxl8_3d_begin_frame(core.gfx, camera._ptr, lights_ptr, u)
 end
 
-function gfx3d.clear(color)
+function gfx.clear_3d(color)
     C.pxl8_3d_clear(core.gfx, color or 0)
 end
 
-function gfx3d.clear_depth()
+function gfx.clear_depth()
     C.pxl8_3d_clear_depth(core.gfx)
 end
 
-function gfx3d.draw_line(p0, p1, color)
+function gfx.draw_line_3d(p0, p1, color)
     local vec0 = ffi.new("pxl8_vec3", {x = p0[1], y = p0[2], z = p0[3]})
     local vec1 = ffi.new("pxl8_vec3", {x = p1[1], y = p1[2], z = p1[3]})
     C.pxl8_3d_draw_line(core.gfx, vec0, vec1, color)
 end
 
-function gfx3d.end_frame()
+function gfx.end_frame_3d()
     C.pxl8_3d_end_frame(core.gfx)
 end
 
-function gfx3d.project_points(input, output, count, transform)
+function gfx.project_points(input, output, count, transform)
-    C.pxl8_3d_project_points(core.gfx, input, output, count, transform)
+    return C.pxl8_3d_project_points(core.gfx, input, output, count, transform)
 end
 
-function gfx3d.create_vec3_array(count)
+function gfx.create_vec3_array(count)
     return ffi.new("pxl8_vec3[?]", count)
 end
 
+function gfx.set_wireframe(enabled)
+    C.pxl8_gfx_set_wireframe(core.gfx, enabled)
+end
+
+function gfx.get_wireframe()
+    return C.pxl8_gfx_get_wireframe(core.gfx)
+end
+
 local Material = {}
 Material.__index = Material
 
 function Material.new(opts)
     opts = opts or {}
     local mat = ffi.new("pxl8_gfx_material", {
-        texture_id = opts.texture or 0,
         alpha = opts.alpha or 255,
         blend_mode = opts.blend_mode or 0,
         dither = opts.dither ~= false,
         double_sided = opts.double_sided or false,
         dynamic_lighting = opts.lighting or false,
+        emissive = opts.emissive or false,
         per_pixel = opts.per_pixel or false,
-        vertex_color_passthrough = opts.passthrough or false,
+        texture_id = opts.texture or 0xFFFFFFFF,
-        wireframe = opts.wireframe or false,
-        emissive_intensity = opts.emissive or 0.0,
     })
     return setmetatable({ _ptr = mat }, Material)
 end
 
-gfx3d.Material = Material
+gfx.Material = Material
-gfx3d.create_material = Material.new
 
-return gfx3d
+gfx.create_material = Material.new
+
+return gfx

src/lua/pxl8/gfx2d.lua

@@ -1,108 +0,0 @@
-local ffi = require("ffi")
-local C = ffi.C
-local core = require("pxl8.core")
-
-local graphics = {}
-
-function graphics.clear(color)
-    C.pxl8_2d_clear(core.gfx, color or 0)
-end
-
-function graphics.pixel(x, y, color)
-    if color then
-        C.pxl8_2d_pixel(core.gfx, x, y, color)
-    else
-        return C.pxl8_2d_get_pixel(core.gfx, x, y)
-    end
-end
-
-function graphics.line(x0, y0, x1, y1, color)
-    C.pxl8_2d_line(core.gfx, x0, y0, x1, y1, color)
-end
-
-function graphics.rect(x, y, w, h, color)
-    C.pxl8_2d_rect(core.gfx, x, y, w, h, color)
-end
-
-function graphics.rect_fill(x, y, w, h, color)
-    C.pxl8_2d_rect_fill(core.gfx, x, y, w, h, color)
-end
-
-function graphics.circle(x, y, r, color)
-    C.pxl8_2d_circle(core.gfx, x, y, r, color)
-end
-
-function graphics.circle_fill(x, y, r, color)
-    C.pxl8_2d_circle_fill(core.gfx, x, y, r, color)
-end
-
-function graphics.text(str, x, y, color)
-    C.pxl8_2d_text(core.gfx, str, x or 0, y or 0, color or 15)
-end
-
-function graphics.sprite(id, x, y, w, h, flip_x, flip_y)
-    C.pxl8_2d_sprite(core.gfx, id or 0, x or 0, y or 0, w or 16, h or 16, flip_x or false, flip_y or false)
-end
-
-function graphics.load_palette(filepath)
-    return C.pxl8_gfx_load_palette(core.gfx, filepath)
-end
-
-function graphics.load_sprite(filepath)
-    local result = C.pxl8_gfx_load_sprite(core.gfx, filepath)
-    if result >= 0 and result < 100 then
-        return result
-    else
-        return nil, result
-    end
-end
-
-function graphics.create_texture(pixels, width, height)
-    local pixel_data = ffi.new("u8[?]", width * height)
-    for i = 0, width * height - 1 do
-        pixel_data[i] = pixels[i + 1] or 0
-    end
-    local result = C.pxl8_gfx_create_texture(core.gfx, pixel_data, width, height)
-    if result < 0 then
-        return nil
-    end
-    return result
-end
-
-function graphics.color_ramp(start, count, from_color, to_color)
-    C.pxl8_gfx_color_ramp(core.gfx, start, count, from_color, to_color)
-end
-
-function graphics.fade_palette(start, count, amount, target_color)
-    C.pxl8_gfx_fade_palette(core.gfx, start, count, amount, target_color)
-end
-
-function graphics.cycle_palette(start, count, step)
-    C.pxl8_gfx_cycle_palette(core.gfx, start, count, step or 1)
-end
-
-function graphics.add_palette_cycle(start_index, end_index, speed)
-    return C.pxl8_gfx_add_palette_cycle(core.gfx, start_index, end_index, speed or 1.0)
-end
-
-function graphics.remove_palette_cycle(cycle_id)
-    C.pxl8_gfx_remove_palette_cycle(core.gfx, cycle_id)
-end
-
-function graphics.set_palette_cycle_speed(cycle_id, speed)
-    C.pxl8_gfx_set_palette_cycle_speed(core.gfx, cycle_id, speed)
-end
-
-function graphics.clear_palette_cycles()
-    C.pxl8_gfx_clear_palette_cycles(core.gfx)
-end
-
-function graphics.push_target()
-    return C.pxl8_gfx_push_target(core.gfx)
-end
-
-function graphics.pop_target()
-    C.pxl8_gfx_pop_target(core.gfx)
-end
-
-return graphics

src/lua/pxl8/shader.lua

@@ -1,281 +0,0 @@
-local ffi = require("ffi")
-local bit = require("bit")
-local core = require("pxl8.core")
-
-ffi.cdef[[
-  u8* pxl8_gfx_get_framebuffer_indexed(pxl8_gfx* gfx);
-  u32* pxl8_gfx_get_light_accum(pxl8_gfx* gfx);
-  const u32* pxl8_gfx_palette_colors(pxl8_gfx* gfx);
-  u16* pxl8_gfx_get_zbuffer(pxl8_gfx* gfx);
-]]
-
-local C = ffi.C
-local band, bor, rshift, lshift = bit.band, bit.bor, bit.rshift, bit.lshift
-local floor, sqrt, max, min, abs = math.floor, math.sqrt, math.max, math.min, math.abs
-local sin, cos, fmod = math.sin, math.cos, math.fmod
-
-local shader = {}
-
-local fb = ffi.new("u8*")
-local light = ffi.new("u32*")
-local pal = ffi.new("const u32*")
-local zbuf = ffi.new("u16*")
-local w, h, count = 0, 0, 0
-
-function shader.begin_frame()
-    fb = C.pxl8_gfx_get_framebuffer_indexed(core.gfx)
-    light = C.pxl8_gfx_get_light_accum(core.gfx)
-    pal = C.pxl8_gfx_palette_colors(core.gfx)
-    zbuf = C.pxl8_gfx_get_zbuffer(core.gfx)
-    w = C.pxl8_gfx_get_width(core.gfx)
-    h = C.pxl8_gfx_get_height(core.gfx)
-    count = w * h
-end
-
-function shader.get_buffers()
-    return fb, light, pal, zbuf, w, h
-end
-
-local function clamp(x, lo, hi)
-    if x < lo then return lo end
-    if x > hi then return hi end
-    return x
-end
-
-shader.resolve_tint = function()
-    if fb == nil or light == nil or pal == nil then return end
-    local fb_l, light_l, pal_l = fb, light, pal
-    local count_l = count
-    local band_l, rshift_l, bor_l, lshift_l = band, rshift, bor, lshift
-    local floor_l = floor
-
-    for i = 0, count_l - 1 do
-        local lv = light_l[i]
-        if lv ~= 0 then
-            local a = rshift_l(lv, 24)
-            if a > 0 then
-                local base = pal_l[fb_l[i]]
-                local br = band_l(base, 0xFF)
-                local bg = band_l(rshift_l(base, 8), 0xFF)
-                local bb = band_l(rshift_l(base, 16), 0xFF)
-
-                local lr = band_l(lv, 0xFF)
-                local lg = band_l(rshift_l(lv, 8), 0xFF)
-                local lb = band_l(rshift_l(lv, 16), 0xFF)
-
-                local t = a * 0.00392156862
-                local r = floor_l(br + (lr - 128) * t * 2)
-                local g = floor_l(bg + (lg - 128) * t * 2)
-                local b = floor_l(bb + (lb - 128) * t * 2)
-
-                if r < 0 then r = 0 elseif r > 255 then r = 255 end
-                if g < 0 then g = 0 elseif g > 255 then g = 255 end
-                if b < 0 then b = 0 elseif b > 255 then b = 255 end
-
-                light_l[i] = bor_l(r, lshift_l(g, 8), lshift_l(b, 16), 0xFF000000)
-            end
-        end
-    end
-end
-
-shader.compile = function(source)
-    local header = [[
-local ffi = require("ffi")
-local bit = require("bit")
-local band, bor, rshift, lshift = bit.band, bit.bor, bit.rshift, bit.lshift
-local floor, sqrt, max, min, abs = math.floor, math.sqrt, math.max, math.min, math.abs
-local sin, cos, fmod = math.sin, math.cos, math.fmod
-local clamp = function(x, lo, hi) if x < lo then return lo elseif x > hi then return hi else return x end end
-local mix = function(a, b, t) return a + (b - a) * t end
-local smoothstep = function(e0, e1, x) local t = clamp((x - e0) / (e1 - e0), 0, 1); return t * t * (3 - 2 * t) end
-local saturate = function(x) if x < 0 then return 0 elseif x > 1 then return 1 else return x end end
-local length2 = function(x, y) return sqrt(x*x + y*y) end
-local length3 = function(x, y, z) return sqrt(x*x + y*y + z*z) end
-local dot2 = function(ax, ay, bx, by) return ax*bx + ay*by end
-local dot3 = function(ax, ay, az, bx, by, bz) return ax*bx + ay*by + az*bz end
-local fract = function(x) return x - floor(x) end
-
-return function(fb, light, pal, zbuf, w, h, uniforms)
-    uniforms = uniforms or {}
-    local count = w * h
-    local time = uniforms.time or 0
-    local band_l, rshift_l, bor_l, lshift_l = band, rshift, bor, lshift
-    local floor_l, sqrt_l, max_l, min_l = floor, sqrt, max, min
-
-    for i = 0, count - 1 do
-        local x = i % w
-        local y = floor_l(i / w)
-        local uv_x = x / w
-        local uv_y = y / h
-
-        local idx = fb[i]
-        local base = pal[idx]
-        local br = band_l(base, 0xFF)
-        local bg = band_l(rshift_l(base, 8), 0xFF)
-        local bb = band_l(rshift_l(base, 16), 0xFF)
-
-        local lv = light[i]
-        local lr = band_l(lv, 0xFF)
-        local lg = band_l(rshift_l(lv, 8), 0xFF)
-        local lb = band_l(rshift_l(lv, 16), 0xFF)
-        local la = rshift_l(lv, 24)
-
-        local depth = zbuf and zbuf[i] or 0
-        local depth_n = depth / 65535.0
-
-        local r, g, b = br, bg, bb
-
-]]
-
-    local footer = [[
-
-        r = floor_l(clamp(r, 0, 255))
-        g = floor_l(clamp(g, 0, 255))
-        b = floor_l(clamp(b, 0, 255))
-        light[i] = bor_l(r, lshift_l(g, 8), lshift_l(b, 16), 0xFF000000)
-    end
-end
-]]
-
-    local code = header .. source .. footer
-    local fn, err = loadstring(code)
-    if not fn then
-        error("Shader compile error: " .. tostring(err))
-    end
-    return fn()
-end
-
-shader.run = function(compiled_shader, uniforms)
-    if fb == nil or light == nil or pal == nil then return end
-    compiled_shader(fb, light, pal, zbuf, w, h, uniforms)
-end
-
-shader.presets = {}
-
-shader.presets.passthrough = shader.compile([[
-        -- passthrough: just use base color
-]])
-
-shader.presets.light_tint = shader.compile([[
-        if la > 0 then
-            local t = la / 255.0
-            r = br + (lr - 128) * t * 2
-            g = bg + (lg - 128) * t * 2
-            b = bb + (lb - 128) * t * 2
-        end
-]])
-
-shader.presets.vignette = shader.compile([[
-        local cx = uv_x - 0.5
-        local cy = uv_y - 0.5
-        local dist = sqrt_l(cx*cx + cy*cy)
-        local vig = 1.0 - saturate(dist * 1.5)
-        vig = vig * vig
-        r = br * vig
-        g = bg * vig
-        b = bb * vig
-]])
-
-shader.presets.scanlines = shader.compile([[
-        local scan = 0.8 + 0.2 * (y % 2)
-        r = br * scan
-        g = bg * scan
-        b = bb * scan
-]])
-
-shader.presets.crt = shader.compile([[
-        -- Scanlines
-        local scan = 0.85 + 0.15 * (y % 2)
-        -- Vignette
-        local cx = uv_x - 0.5
-        local cy = uv_y - 0.5
-        local dist = sqrt_l(cx*cx + cy*cy)
-        local vig = 1.0 - saturate(dist * 1.2)
-        -- RGB shift based on x position
-        local shift = (uv_x - 0.5) * 0.02
-        local mult = scan * vig
-        r = br * mult * (1.0 + shift)
-        g = bg * mult
-        b = bb * mult * (1.0 - shift)
-]])
-
-shader.presets.dither_fade = shader.compile([[
-        local threshold = fract(sin(x * 12.9898 + y * 78.233) * 43758.5453)
-        local fade = uniforms.fade or 0.5
-        if threshold > fade then
-            r, g, b = 0, 0, 0
-        else
-            r, g, b = br, bg, bb
-        end
-]])
-
-shader.presets.fog = shader.compile([[
-        local fog_color_r = uniforms.fog_r or 32
-        local fog_color_g = uniforms.fog_g or 32
-        local fog_color_b = uniforms.fog_b or 48
-        local fog_start = uniforms.fog_start or 0.3
-        local fog_end = uniforms.fog_end or 0.9
-        local fog_t = saturate((depth_n - fog_start) / (fog_end - fog_start))
-        fog_t = fog_t * fog_t
-        r = mix(br, fog_color_r, fog_t)
-        g = mix(bg, fog_color_g, fog_t)
-        b = mix(bb, fog_color_b, fog_t)
-]])
-
-shader.presets.light_with_fog = shader.compile([[
-        -- Apply light tint first
-        if la > 0 then
-            local t = la / 255.0
-            r = br + (lr - 128) * t * 2
-            g = bg + (lg - 128) * t * 2
-            b = bb + (lb - 128) * t * 2
-        else
-            r, g, b = br, bg, bb
-        end
-        -- Then fog
-        local fog_r = uniforms.fog_r or 16
-        local fog_g = uniforms.fog_g or 16
-        local fog_b = uniforms.fog_b or 24
-        local fog_start = uniforms.fog_start or 0.2
-        local fog_end = uniforms.fog_end or 0.95
-        local fog_t = saturate((depth_n - fog_start) / (fog_end - fog_start))
-        fog_t = fog_t * fog_t
-        r = mix(r, fog_r, fog_t)
-        g = mix(g, fog_g, fog_t)
-        b = mix(b, fog_b, fog_t)
-]])
-
-shader.presets.posterize = shader.compile([[
-        local levels = uniforms.levels or 4
-        local step = 255 / levels
-        r = floor_l(br / step) * step
-        g = floor_l(bg / step) * step
-        b = floor_l(bb / step) * step
-]])
-
-shader.presets.chromatic = shader.compile([=[
-        local amount = uniforms.amount or 2
-        local ox = floor_l(amount * (uv_x - 0.5))
-        local r_i = clamp(i - ox, 0, count - 1)
-        local b_i = clamp(i + ox, 0, count - 1)
-        local r_base = pal[fb[r_i]]
-        local b_base = pal[fb[b_i]]
-        r = band_l(r_base, 0xFF)
-        g = bg
-        b = band_l(rshift_l(b_base, 16), 0xFF)
-]=])
-
-shader.clear_light = function()
-    if light == nil then return end
-    ffi.fill(light, count * 4, 0)
-end
-
-shader.fill_output = function(r, g, b)
-    if light == nil then return end
-    local color = bor(r, lshift(g, 8), lshift(b, 16), 0xFF000000)
-    for i = 0, count - 1 do
-        light[i] = color
-    end
-end
-
-return shader

src/lua/pxl8/world.lua

@@ -117,10 +117,6 @@ function World:set_sim_distance(distance)
     C.pxl8_world_set_sim_distance(self._ptr, distance)
 end
 
-function World:set_wireframe(enabled)
-    C.pxl8_world_set_wireframe(self._ptr, enabled)
-end
-
 function World:sweep(from_x, from_y, from_z, to_x, to_y, to_z, radius)
     local from = ffi.new("pxl8_vec3", {x = from_x, y = from_y, z = from_z})
     local to = ffi.new("pxl8_vec3", {x = to_x, y = to_y, z = to_z})

src/math/pxl8_math.c

@@ -1,5 +1,50 @@
 #include "pxl8_math.h"
 
+f32 pxl8_fast_inv_sqrt(f32 x) {
+#if defined(PXL8_NO_SIMD)
+    f32 half = 0.5f * x;
+    i32 i = *(i32*)&x;
+    i = 0x5f3759df - (i >> 1);
+    x = *(f32*)&i;
+    x = x * (1.5f - half * x * x);
+    return x;
+#elif defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64)
+    __m128 v = _mm_set_ss(x);
+    v = _mm_rsqrt_ss(v);
+    return _mm_cvtss_f32(v);
+#elif defined(__aarch64__) || defined(_M_ARM64)
+    float32x2_t v = vdup_n_f32(x);
+    float32x2_t est = vrsqrte_f32(v);
+    est = vmul_f32(est, vrsqrts_f32(vmul_f32(v, est), est));
+    return vget_lane_f32(est, 0);
+#else
+    f32 half = 0.5f * x;
+    i32 i = *(i32*)&x;
+    i = 0x5f3759df - (i >> 1);
+    x = *(f32*)&i;
+    x = x * (1.5f - half * x * x);
+    return x;
+#endif
+}
+
+f32 pxl8_fast_rcp(f32 x) {
+#if defined(PXL8_NO_SIMD)
+    return 1.0f / x;
+#elif defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64)
+    __m128 v = _mm_set_ss(x);
+    __m128 rcp = _mm_rcp_ss(v);
+    rcp = _mm_add_ss(rcp, _mm_mul_ss(rcp, _mm_sub_ss(_mm_set_ss(1.0f), _mm_mul_ss(v, rcp))));
+    return _mm_cvtss_f32(rcp);
+#elif defined(__aarch64__) || defined(_M_ARM64)
+    float32x2_t v = vdup_n_f32(x);
+    float32x2_t est = vrecpe_f32(v);
+    est = vmul_f32(est, vrecps_f32(v, est));
+    return vget_lane_f32(est, 0);
+#else
+    return 1.0f / x;
+#endif
+}
+
 u32 pxl8_hash32(u32 x) {
     x ^= x >> 16;
     x *= 0x85EBCA6Bu;
@@ -18,10 +63,6 @@ u64 pxl8_hash64(u64 x) {
     return x;
 }
 
-f32 pxl8_lerp_f32(f32 a, f32 b, f32 t) {
-    return a + (b - a) * t;
-}
-
 f32 pxl8_smoothstep(f32 t) {
     return t * t * (3.0f - 2.0f * t);
 }
@@ -56,11 +97,11 @@ f32 pxl8_vec2_length(pxl8_vec2 v) {
 }
 
 pxl8_vec2 pxl8_vec2_normalize(pxl8_vec2 v) {
-    f32 len = pxl8_vec2_length(v);
+    f32 len_sq = pxl8_vec2_dot(v, v);
 
-    if (len < 1e-6f) return (pxl8_vec2){0};
+    if (len_sq < 1e-12f) return (pxl8_vec2){0};
 
-    return pxl8_vec2_scale(v, 1.0f / len);
+    return pxl8_vec2_scale(v, pxl8_fast_inv_sqrt(len_sq));
 }
 
 pxl8_vec3 pxl8_vec3_add(pxl8_vec3 a, pxl8_vec3 b) {
@@ -112,11 +153,11 @@ pxl8_vec3 pxl8_vec3_lerp(pxl8_vec3 a, pxl8_vec3 b, f32 t) {
 }
 
 pxl8_vec3 pxl8_vec3_normalize(pxl8_vec3 v) {
-    f32 len = pxl8_vec3_length(v);
+    f32 len_sq = pxl8_vec3_dot(v, v);
 
-    if (len < 1e-6f) return (pxl8_vec3){0};
+    if (len_sq < 1e-12f) return (pxl8_vec3){0};
 
-    return pxl8_vec3_scale(v, 1.0f / len);
+    return pxl8_vec3_scale(v, pxl8_fast_inv_sqrt(len_sq));
 }
 
 pxl8_mat4 pxl8_mat4_identity(void) {

src/math/pxl8_math.h

@@ -15,64 +15,43 @@
 #define PXL8_PI  3.14159265358979323846f
 #define PXL8_TAU (PXL8_PI * 2.0f)
 
-static inline f32 pxl8_fast_inv_sqrt(f32 x) {
+#define pxl8_min(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
-#if defined(PXL8_NO_SIMD)
+#define pxl8_max(a, b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
-    f32 half = 0.5f * x;
+#define pxl8_clamp(x, lo, hi) ((x) < (lo) ? (lo) : ((x) > (hi) ? (hi) : (x)))
-    i32 i = *(i32*)&x;
+#define pxl8_clamp_byte(x) pxl8_clamp(x, 0, 255)
-    i = 0x5f3759df - (i >> 1);
-    x = *(f32*)&i;
-    x = x * (1.5f - half * x * x);
-    return x;
-#elif defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64)
-    __m128 v = _mm_set_ss(x);
-    v = _mm_rsqrt_ss(v);
-    return _mm_cvtss_f32(v);
-#elif defined(__aarch64__) || defined(_M_ARM64)
-    float32x2_t v = vdup_n_f32(x);
-    float32x2_t est = vrsqrte_f32(v);
-    est = vmul_f32(est, vrsqrts_f32(vmul_f32(v, est), est));
-    return vget_lane_f32(est, 0);
-#else
-    f32 half = 0.5f * x;
-    i32 i = *(i32*)&x;
-    i = 0x5f3759df - (i >> 1);
-    x = *(f32*)&i;
-    x = x * (1.5f - half * x * x);
-    return x;
-#endif
-}
 
-static inline f32 pxl8_fast_rcp(f32 x) {
+#define pxl8_abs(x) fabsf(x)
-#if defined(PXL8_NO_SIMD)
+#define pxl8_ceil(x) ceilf(x)
-    return 1.0f / x;
+#define pxl8_floor(x) floorf(x)
-#elif defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64)
+#define pxl8_sqrt(x) sqrtf(x)
-    __m128 v = _mm_set_ss(x);
+#define pxl8_sin(x) sinf(x)
-    __m128 rcp = _mm_rcp_ss(v);
+#define pxl8_cos(x) cosf(x)
-    rcp = _mm_add_ss(rcp, _mm_mul_ss(rcp, _mm_sub_ss(_mm_set_ss(1.0f), _mm_mul_ss(v, rcp))));
+#define pxl8_tan(x) tanf(x)
-    return _mm_cvtss_f32(rcp);
+#define pxl8_exp(x) expf(x)
-#elif defined(__aarch64__) || defined(_M_ARM64)
+#define pxl8_log(x) logf(x)
-    float32x2_t v = vdup_n_f32(x);
+#define pxl8_pow(x, y) powf(x, y)
-    float32x2_t est = vrecpe_f32(v);
+#define pxl8_lerp(a, b, t) ((a) + ((b) - (a)) * (t))
-    est = vmul_f32(est, vrecps_f32(v, est));
-    return vget_lane_f32(est, 0);
-#else
-    return 1.0f / x;
-#endif
-}
 
-typedef struct pxl8_vec2 {
+f32 pxl8_fast_inv_sqrt(f32 x);
-    f32 x, y;
+f32 pxl8_fast_rcp(f32 x);
+
+typedef union pxl8_vec2 {
+    struct { f32 x, y; };
+    struct { f32 yaw, pitch; };
+    f32 v[2];
 } pxl8_vec2;
 
-typedef struct pxl8_vec3 {
+typedef union pxl8_vec3 {
-    f32 x, y, z;
+    struct { f32 x, y, z; };
+    f32 v[3];
 } pxl8_vec3;
 
-typedef struct pxl8_vec4 {
+typedef union pxl8_vec4 {
-    f32 x, y, z, w;
+    struct { f32 x, y, z, w; };
+    f32 v[4];
 } pxl8_vec4;
 
-typedef struct pxl8_mat4 {
+typedef union pxl8_mat4 {
     f32 m[16];
 } pxl8_mat4;
 
@@ -99,18 +78,6 @@ typedef struct pxl8_ray {
     bool hit;
 } pxl8_ray;
 
-#define PXL8_SDF_X 32
-#define PXL8_SDF_Y 16
-#define PXL8_SDF_Z 32
-#define PXL8_SDF_SIZE (PXL8_SDF_X * PXL8_SDF_Y * PXL8_SDF_Z)
-#define PXL8_SDF_CELL 16.0f
-
-typedef struct pxl8_sdf {
-    i8 data[PXL8_SDF_SIZE];
-    pxl8_vec3 origin;
-    f32 cell;
-} pxl8_sdf;
-
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
 #endif
@@ -118,7 +85,6 @@ extern "C" {
 u32 pxl8_hash32(u32 x);
 u64 pxl8_hash64(u64 x);
 
-f32 pxl8_lerp_f32(f32 a, f32 b, f32 t);
 f32 pxl8_smoothstep(f32 t);
 
 pxl8_vec2 pxl8_vec2_add(pxl8_vec2 a, pxl8_vec2 b);

src/math/pxl8_noise.c

@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@ f32 pxl8_value_noise(f32 x, f32 z, u64 seed) {
     f32 c01 = pxl8_noise2d(x0, z1, seed);
     f32 c11 = pxl8_noise2d(x1, z1, seed);
 
-    f32 a = pxl8_lerp_f32(c00, c10, tx);
+    f32 a = pxl8_lerp(c00, c10, tx);
-    f32 b = pxl8_lerp_f32(c01, c11, tx);
+    f32 b = pxl8_lerp(c01, c11, tx);
-    return pxl8_lerp_f32(a, b, tz);
+    return pxl8_lerp(a, b, tz);
 }
 
 f32 pxl8_value_noise3d(f32 x, f32 y, f32 z, u64 seed) {
@@ -50,15 +50,15 @@ f32 pxl8_value_noise3d(f32 x, f32 y, f32 z, u64 seed) {
     f32 c011 = pxl8_noise3d(x0, y1, z1, seed);
     f32 c111 = pxl8_noise3d(x1, y1, z1, seed);
 
-    f32 a00 = pxl8_lerp_f32(c000, c100, tx);
+    f32 a00 = pxl8_lerp(c000, c100, tx);
-    f32 a10 = pxl8_lerp_f32(c010, c110, tx);
+    f32 a10 = pxl8_lerp(c010, c110, tx);
-    f32 a01 = pxl8_lerp_f32(c001, c101, tx);
+    f32 a01 = pxl8_lerp(c001, c101, tx);
-    f32 a11 = pxl8_lerp_f32(c011, c111, tx);
+    f32 a11 = pxl8_lerp(c011, c111, tx);
 
-    f32 b0 = pxl8_lerp_f32(a00, a10, ty);
+    f32 b0 = pxl8_lerp(a00, a10, ty);
-    f32 b1 = pxl8_lerp_f32(a01, a11, ty);
+    f32 b1 = pxl8_lerp(a01, a11, ty);
 
-    return pxl8_lerp_f32(b0, b1, tz);
+    return pxl8_lerp(b0, b1, tz);
 }
 
 f32 pxl8_fbm(f32 x, f32 z, u64 seed, u32 octaves) {

src/script/pxl8_script.c

@@ -1152,6 +1152,11 @@ bool pxl8_script_check_reload(pxl8_script* script) {
         return false;
     }
 
+    static u32 frame_counter = 0;
+    if (++frame_counter % 60 != 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
     time_t current_mod_time = get_latest_script_mod_time(script->watch_dir);
     if (current_mod_time > script->latest_mod_time && current_mod_time != 0) {
         pxl8_info("Script files modified, reloading: %s", script->main_path);

src/script/pxl8_script_ffi.h

@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@ static const char* pxl8_ffi_cdefs =
 "void pxl8_set_colormap(pxl8_colormap* cm, const u8* data, u32 size);\n"
 "void pxl8_gfx_ensure_blend_tables(pxl8_gfx* gfx);\n"
 "i32 pxl8_gfx_get_width(pxl8_gfx* ctx);\n"
+"void pxl8_gfx_set_wireframe(pxl8_gfx* gfx, bool enabled);\n"
+"bool pxl8_gfx_get_wireframe(const pxl8_gfx* gfx);\n"
 "void pxl8_2d_circle(pxl8_gfx* ctx, i32 x, i32 y, i32 r, u32 color);\n"
 "void pxl8_2d_circle_fill(pxl8_gfx* ctx, i32 x, i32 y, i32 r, u32 color);\n"
 "void pxl8_2d_clear(pxl8_gfx* ctx, u32 color);\n"
@@ -197,6 +199,7 @@ static const char* pxl8_ffi_cdefs =
 "void pxl8_anim_stop(pxl8_anim* anim);\n"
 "void pxl8_anim_update(pxl8_anim* anim, f32 dt);\n"
 "\n"
+"typedef union { struct { float x, y; }; struct { float yaw, pitch; }; float v[2]; } pxl8_vec2;\n"
 "typedef struct { float x, y, z; } pxl8_vec3;\n"
 "typedef struct { float x, y, z, w; } pxl8_vec4;\n"
 "typedef struct { float m[16]; } pxl8_mat4;\n"
@@ -244,31 +247,7 @@ static const char* pxl8_ffi_cdefs =
 "typedef struct pxl8_projected_point { i32 x; i32 y; f32 depth; bool visible; } pxl8_projected_point;\n"
 "pxl8_projected_point pxl8_3d_camera_world_to_screen(const pxl8_3d_camera* cam, pxl8_vec3 world_pos, u32 screen_width, u32 screen_height);\n"
 "\n"
-"typedef enum pxl8_gfx_effect { PXL8_GFX_EFFECT_GLOWS = 0 } pxl8_gfx_effect;\n"
-"\n"
-"typedef enum pxl8_glow_shape { PXL8_GLOW_CIRCLE = 0, PXL8_GLOW_DIAMOND = 1, PXL8_GLOW_SHAFT = 2 } pxl8_glow_shape;\n"
-"\n"
-"typedef struct pxl8_glow {\n"
-"    u8 color;\n"
-"    u16 depth;\n"
-"    u8 height;\n"
-"    u16 intensity;\n"
-"    u8 radius;\n"
-"    pxl8_glow_shape shape;\n"
-"    i16 x;\n"
-"    i16 y;\n"
-"} pxl8_glow;\n"
-"\n"
-"void pxl8_gfx_apply_effect(pxl8_gfx* gfx, pxl8_gfx_effect effect, const void* params, u32 count);\n"
 "void pxl8_gfx_blend_tables_update(pxl8_gfx* gfx);\n"
-"\n"
-"typedef struct pxl8_glows pxl8_glows;\n"
-"pxl8_glows* pxl8_glows_create(u32 capacity);\n"
-"void pxl8_glows_destroy(pxl8_glows* glows);\n"
-"void pxl8_glows_add(pxl8_glows* glows, i16 x, i16 y, u8 radius, u16 intensity, u8 color, u8 shape);\n"
-"void pxl8_glows_clear(pxl8_glows* glows);\n"
-"u32 pxl8_glows_count(const pxl8_glows* glows);\n"
-"void pxl8_glows_render(pxl8_glows* glows, pxl8_gfx* gfx);\n"
 "void pxl8_gfx_colormap_update(pxl8_gfx* gfx);\n"
 "\n"
 "void pxl8_3d_begin_frame(pxl8_gfx* gfx, const pxl8_3d_camera* camera, const pxl8_lights* lights, const pxl8_3d_uniforms* uniforms);\n"
@@ -293,10 +272,8 @@ static const char* pxl8_ffi_cdefs =
 "    bool dither;\n"
 "    bool double_sided;\n"
 "    bool dynamic_lighting;\n"
+"    bool emissive;\n"
 "    bool per_pixel;\n"
-"    bool vertex_color_passthrough;\n"
-"    bool wireframe;\n"
-"    f32 emissive_intensity;\n"
 "} pxl8_gfx_material;\n"
 "\n"
 "typedef struct pxl8_vertex {\n"
@@ -446,7 +423,6 @@ static const char* pxl8_ffi_cdefs =
 "pxl8_ray pxl8_world_sweep(const pxl8_world* world, pxl8_vec3 from, pxl8_vec3 to, float radius);\n"
 "void pxl8_world_render(pxl8_world* world, pxl8_gfx* gfx, pxl8_vec3 camera_pos);\n"
 "void pxl8_world_set_bsp_material(pxl8_world* world, u16 material_id, const pxl8_gfx_material* material);\n"
-"void pxl8_world_set_wireframe(pxl8_world* world, bool enabled);\n"
 "i32 pxl8_world_get_render_distance(const pxl8_world* world);\n"
 "void pxl8_world_set_render_distance(pxl8_world* world, i32 distance);\n"
 "i32 pxl8_world_get_sim_distance(const pxl8_world* world);\n"

src/vxl/pxl8_vxl_render.c

@@ -569,8 +569,3 @@ pxl8_vxl_render_state* pxl8_vxl_render_state_create(void) {
 void pxl8_vxl_render_state_destroy(pxl8_vxl_render_state* state) {
     pxl8_free(state);
 }
-
-void pxl8_vxl_set_wireframe(pxl8_vxl_render_state* state, bool wireframe) {
-    if (!state) return;
-    state->wireframe = wireframe;
-}

src/vxl/pxl8_vxl_render.h

@@ -9,12 +9,11 @@ extern "C" {
 #endif
 
 typedef struct pxl8_vxl_render_state {
-    bool wireframe;
+    u8 _unused;
 } pxl8_vxl_render_state;
 
 pxl8_vxl_render_state* pxl8_vxl_render_state_create(void);
 void pxl8_vxl_render_state_destroy(pxl8_vxl_render_state* state);
-void pxl8_vxl_set_wireframe(pxl8_vxl_render_state* state, bool wireframe);
 
 typedef struct pxl8_vxl_mesh_config {
     bool ambient_occlusion;

src/world/pxl8_world.c

@@ -30,13 +30,14 @@ struct pxl8_world {
     pxl8_entity_pool* entities;
     pxl8_bsp_render_state* bsp_render_state;
     pxl8_vxl_render_state* vxl_render_state;
-    pxl8_sdf sdf;
     i32 render_distance;
     i32 sim_distance;
 
     pxl8_sim_entity local_player;
     u64 client_tick;
 
+    pxl8_vec2 pointer_motion;
+
 #ifdef PXL8_ASYNC_THREADS
     pxl8_sim_entity render_state[2];
     atomic_uint active_buffer;
@@ -187,100 +188,6 @@ static void userdata_to_entity(const u8* userdata, pxl8_sim_entity* ent) {
     memcpy(&ent->kind, p, 2);
 }
 
-static void update_sdf(pxl8_world* world, pxl8_vec3 center, f32 cell_size) {
-    if (!world) return;
-
-    world->sdf.cell = cell_size;
-    world->sdf.origin.x = center.x - (PXL8_SDF_X / 2) * cell_size;
-    world->sdf.origin.y = center.y - (PXL8_SDF_Y / 2) * cell_size;
-    world->sdf.origin.z = center.z - (PXL8_SDF_Z / 2) * cell_size;
-
-    i16 seed_x[PXL8_SDF_SIZE];
-    i16 seed_y[PXL8_SDF_SIZE];
-    i16 seed_z[PXL8_SDF_SIZE];
-
-    for (i32 iy = 0; iy < PXL8_SDF_Y; iy++) {
-        f32 wy = world->sdf.origin.y + (iy + 0.5f) * cell_size;
-        for (i32 iz = 0; iz < PXL8_SDF_Z; iz++) {
-            f32 wz = world->sdf.origin.z + (iz + 0.5f) * cell_size;
-            for (i32 ix = 0; ix < PXL8_SDF_X; ix++) {
-                f32 wx = world->sdf.origin.x + (ix + 0.5f) * cell_size;
-                i32 idx = iy * PXL8_SDF_Z * PXL8_SDF_X + iz * PXL8_SDF_X + ix;
-
-                if (pxl8_world_point_solid(world, wx, wy, wz)) {
-                    seed_x[idx] = (i16)ix;
-                    seed_y[idx] = (i16)iy;
-                    seed_z[idx] = (i16)iz;
-                } else {
-                    seed_x[idx] = -1;
-                    seed_y[idx] = -1;
-                    seed_z[idx] = -1;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    for (i32 step = 16; step >= 1; step /= 2) {
-        for (i32 iy = 0; iy < PXL8_SDF_Y; iy++) {
-            for (i32 iz = 0; iz < PXL8_SDF_Z; iz++) {
-                for (i32 ix = 0; ix < PXL8_SDF_X; ix++) {
-                    i32 idx = iy * PXL8_SDF_Z * PXL8_SDF_X + iz * PXL8_SDF_X + ix;
-                    i32 best_dist_sq = (seed_x[idx] >= 0)
-                        ? (ix - seed_x[idx]) * (ix - seed_x[idx]) +
-                          (iy - seed_y[idx]) * (iy - seed_y[idx]) +
-                          (iz - seed_z[idx]) * (iz - seed_z[idx])
-                        : 0x7FFFFFFF;
-
-                    for (i32 dy = -step; dy <= step; dy += step) {
-                        i32 ny = iy + dy;
-                        if (ny < 0 || ny >= PXL8_SDF_Y) continue;
-                        for (i32 dz = -step; dz <= step; dz += step) {
-                            i32 nz = iz + dz;
-                            if (nz < 0 || nz >= PXL8_SDF_Z) continue;
-                            for (i32 dx = -step; dx <= step; dx += step) {
-                                if (dx == 0 && dy == 0 && dz == 0) continue;
-                                i32 nx = ix + dx;
-                                if (nx < 0 || nx >= PXL8_SDF_X) continue;
-
-                                i32 nidx = ny * PXL8_SDF_Z * PXL8_SDF_X + nz * PXL8_SDF_X + nx;
-                                if (seed_x[nidx] < 0) continue;
-
-                                i32 dist_sq = (ix - seed_x[nidx]) * (ix - seed_x[nidx]) +
-                                              (iy - seed_y[nidx]) * (iy - seed_y[nidx]) +
-                                              (iz - seed_z[nidx]) * (iz - seed_z[nidx]);
-
-                                if (dist_sq < best_dist_sq) {
-                                    best_dist_sq = dist_sq;
-                                    seed_x[idx] = seed_x[nidx];
-                                    seed_y[idx] = seed_y[nidx];
-                                    seed_z[idx] = seed_z[nidx];
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    for (i32 i = 0; i < PXL8_SDF_SIZE; i++) {
-        if (seed_x[i] < 0) {
-            world->sdf.data[i] = 127;
-        } else {
-            i32 idx_x = i % PXL8_SDF_X;
-            i32 idx_z = (i / PXL8_SDF_X) % PXL8_SDF_Z;
-            i32 idx_y = i / (PXL8_SDF_X * PXL8_SDF_Z);
-            i32 dx = idx_x - seed_x[i];
-            i32 dy = idx_y - seed_y[i];
-            i32 dz = idx_z - seed_z[i];
-            f32 dist = sqrtf((f32)(dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz));
-            i32 d = (i32)(dist * cell_size);
-            if (d > 127) d = 127;
-            world->sdf.data[i] = (i8)d;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 bool pxl8_world_point_solid(const pxl8_world* world, f32 x, f32 y, f32 z) {
     if (!world) return false;
 
@@ -395,18 +302,22 @@ void pxl8_world_update(pxl8_world* world, const pxl8_input_state* input, f32 dt)
         msg.look_dx = (f32)pxl8_mouse_dx(input);
         msg.look_dy = (f32)pxl8_mouse_dy(input);
         msg.buttons = pxl8_key_down(input, "space") ? 1 : 0;
+        msg.tick = world->client_tick;
+        msg.timestamp = pxl8_get_ticks_ns();
+
+        if (world->net) {
+            pxl8_net_send_input(world->net, &msg);
+        }
 
         pxl8_sim_world sim = make_sim_world(world, world->local_player.pos);
         pxl8_sim_move_player(&world->local_player, &msg, &sim, dt);
+        world->client_tick++;
     }
 }
 
 void pxl8_world_render(pxl8_world* world, pxl8_gfx* gfx, pxl8_vec3 camera_pos) {
     if (!world || !gfx) return;
 
-    update_sdf(world, camera_pos, PXL8_SDF_CELL);
-    pxl8_3d_set_sdf(gfx, &world->sdf);
-
     if (world->active_chunk) {
         if (world->active_chunk->type == PXL8_WORLD_CHUNK_BSP && world->active_chunk->bsp) {
             pxl8_3d_set_bsp(gfx, world->active_chunk->bsp);
@@ -421,13 +332,10 @@ void pxl8_world_render(pxl8_world* world, pxl8_gfx* gfx, pxl8_vec3 camera_pos) {
 
         const pxl8_frustum* frustum = pxl8_3d_get_frustum(gfx);
 
-        bool wireframe = world->vxl_render_state && world->vxl_render_state->wireframe;
         pxl8_gfx_material mat = {
             .texture_id = 0,
             .dynamic_lighting = true,
-            .vertex_color_passthrough = true,
             .alpha = 255,
-            .wireframe = wireframe,
         };
 
         i32 r = world->render_distance;
@@ -481,16 +389,27 @@ void pxl8_world_sync(pxl8_world* world, pxl8_net* net) {
                 world->active_chunk = chunk;
                 pxl8_debug("[CLIENT] Synced BSP chunk id=%u as active (verts=%u faces=%u)",
                            chunk_id, chunk->bsp->num_vertices, chunk->bsp->num_faces);
+
+                if (world->bsp_render_state) {
+                    pxl8_bsp_render_state_destroy(world->bsp_render_state);
+                    world->bsp_render_state = NULL;
+                }
+                world->bsp_render_state = pxl8_bsp_render_state_create(chunk->bsp->num_faces);
             }
         }
     } else if (chunk_id == 0 && world->active_chunk != NULL) {
         world->active_chunk = NULL;
+        if (world->bsp_render_state) {
+            pxl8_bsp_render_state_destroy(world->bsp_render_state);
+            world->bsp_render_state = NULL;
+        }
     }
 }
 
 static void ensure_bsp_render_state(pxl8_world* world) {
     if (!world || world->bsp_render_state) return;
-    if (!world->active_chunk || world->active_chunk->type != PXL8_WORLD_CHUNK_BSP) return;
+    if (!world->active_chunk) return;
+    if (world->active_chunk->type != PXL8_WORLD_CHUNK_BSP) return;
     if (!world->active_chunk->bsp) return;
 
     world->bsp_render_state = pxl8_bsp_render_state_create(world->active_chunk->bsp->num_faces);
@@ -505,18 +424,6 @@ void pxl8_world_set_bsp_material(pxl8_world* world, u16 material_id, const pxl8_
     pxl8_bsp_set_material(world->bsp_render_state, material_id, material);
 }
 
-void pxl8_world_set_wireframe(pxl8_world* world, bool enabled) {
-    if (!world) return;
-
-    ensure_bsp_render_state(world);
-    if (world->bsp_render_state) {
-        pxl8_bsp_set_wireframe(world->bsp_render_state, enabled);
-    }
-    if (world->vxl_render_state) {
-        pxl8_vxl_set_wireframe(world->vxl_render_state, enabled);
-    }
-}
-
 i32 pxl8_world_get_render_distance(const pxl8_world* world) {
     if (!world) return 3;
     return world->render_distance;
@@ -559,8 +466,15 @@ void pxl8_world_init_local_player(pxl8_world* world, f32 x, f32 y, f32 z) {
 
 pxl8_sim_entity* pxl8_world_local_player(pxl8_world* world) {
     if (!world) return NULL;
+#ifdef PXL8_ASYNC_THREADS
+    const pxl8_sim_entity* state = pxl8_world_get_render_state(world);
+    if (!state) return NULL;
+    if (!(state->flags & PXL8_SIM_FLAG_ALIVE)) return NULL;
+    return (pxl8_sim_entity*)state;
+#else
     if (!(world->local_player.flags & PXL8_SIM_FLAG_ALIVE)) return NULL;
     return &world->local_player;
+#endif
 }
 
 void pxl8_world_predict(pxl8_world* world, pxl8_net* net, const pxl8_input_msg* input, f32 dt) {
@@ -585,7 +499,14 @@ void pxl8_world_reconcile(pxl8_world* world, pxl8_net* net, f32 dt) {
     const u8* server_state = pxl8_net_entity_userdata(net, player_id);
     if (!server_state) return;
 
-    userdata_to_entity(server_state, &world->local_player);
+    pxl8_sim_entity server_player = {0};
+    userdata_to_entity(server_state, &server_player);
+
+    if (!(server_player.flags & PXL8_SIM_FLAG_ALIVE)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    world->local_player = server_player;
 
     const pxl8_snapshot_header* snap = pxl8_net_snapshot(net);
     u64 server_tick = snap ? snap->tick : 0;
@@ -606,11 +527,9 @@ void pxl8_world_reconcile(pxl8_world* world, pxl8_net* net, f32 dt) {
 #define SIM_TIMESTEP (1.0f / 60.0f)
 
 static void pxl8_world_sim_tick(pxl8_world* world, f32 dt) {
-    if (!(world->local_player.flags & PXL8_SIM_FLAG_ALIVE)) return;
+    bool alive = (world->local_player.flags & PXL8_SIM_FLAG_ALIVE) != 0;
-
     pxl8_input_msg merged = {0};
     pxl8_input_msg* input = NULL;
-    bool has_input = false;
 
     while ((input = pxl8_queue_pop(&world->input_queue))) {
         merged.look_dx += input->look_dx;
@@ -618,16 +537,31 @@ static void pxl8_world_sim_tick(pxl8_world* world, f32 dt) {
         merged.move_x = input->move_x;
         merged.move_y = input->move_y;
         merged.buttons |= input->buttons;
-        has_input = true;
         pxl8_free(input);
     }
 
+    if (!alive) {
+        return;
+    }
+
     const f32 MAX_LOOK_DELTA = 100.0f;
     if (merged.look_dx > MAX_LOOK_DELTA) merged.look_dx = MAX_LOOK_DELTA;
     if (merged.look_dx < -MAX_LOOK_DELTA) merged.look_dx = -MAX_LOOK_DELTA;
     if (merged.look_dy > MAX_LOOK_DELTA) merged.look_dy = MAX_LOOK_DELTA;
     if (merged.look_dy < -MAX_LOOK_DELTA) merged.look_dy = -MAX_LOOK_DELTA;
 
+    merged.tick = world->client_tick;
+    merged.timestamp = pxl8_get_ticks_ns();
+    merged.yaw = world->pointer_motion.yaw;
+    if (world->net) {
+        pxl8_net_send_input(world->net, &merged);
+    }
+
+    world->local_player.yaw = world->pointer_motion.yaw;
+    world->local_player.pitch = world->pointer_motion.pitch;
+    merged.look_dx = 0;
+    merged.look_dy = 0;
+
     pxl8_sim_world sim = make_sim_world(world, world->local_player.pos);
     pxl8_sim_move_player(&world->local_player, &merged, &sim, dt);
 
@@ -637,7 +571,6 @@ static void pxl8_world_sim_tick(pxl8_world* world, f32 dt) {
     }
 
     world->client_tick++;
-    (void)has_input;
 }
 
 static void pxl8_world_swap_buffers(pxl8_world* world) {
@@ -737,6 +670,12 @@ void pxl8_world_pause_sim(pxl8_world* world, bool paused) {
 void pxl8_world_push_input(pxl8_world* world, const pxl8_input_msg* input) {
     if (!world || !input) return;
 
+    world->pointer_motion.yaw -= input->look_dx * 0.008f;
+    f32 pitch = world->pointer_motion.pitch - input->look_dy * 0.008f;
+    if (pitch > PXL8_SIM_MAX_PITCH) pitch = PXL8_SIM_MAX_PITCH;
+    if (pitch < -PXL8_SIM_MAX_PITCH) pitch = -PXL8_SIM_MAX_PITCH;
+    world->pointer_motion.pitch = pitch;
+
     pxl8_input_msg* copy = pxl8_malloc(sizeof(pxl8_input_msg));
     if (copy) {
         *copy = *input;

src/world/pxl8_world.h

@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ void pxl8_world_render(pxl8_world* world, pxl8_gfx* gfx, pxl8_vec3 camera_pos);
 void pxl8_world_sync(pxl8_world* world, pxl8_net* net);
 
 void pxl8_world_set_bsp_material(pxl8_world* world, u16 material_id, const pxl8_gfx_material* material);
-void pxl8_world_set_wireframe(pxl8_world* world, bool enabled);
 
 i32 pxl8_world_get_render_distance(const pxl8_world* world);
 void pxl8_world_set_render_distance(pxl8_world* world, i32 distance);

src/world/pxl8_world_chunk_cache.c

@@ -409,8 +409,7 @@ pxl8_result pxl8_world_chunk_cache_receive(pxl8_world_chunk_cache* cache,
                         (hdr->chunk_type == PXL8_CHUNK_TYPE_BSP && a->id != hdr->id) ||
                         (hdr->chunk_type == PXL8_CHUNK_TYPE_VXL &&
                          (a->cx != hdr->cx || a->cy != hdr->cy || a->cz != hdr->cz)) ||
-                        a->version != hdr->version ||
+                        a->version != hdr->version;
-                        hdr->fragment_idx == 0;
 
     if (new_assembly) {
         assembly_init(a, hdr);

src/world/pxl8_world_chunk_cache.h

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ extern "C" {
 #endif
 
 #define PXL8_WORLD_CHUNK_CACHE_SIZE 512
-#define PXL8_WORLD_CHUNK_MAX_FRAGMENTS 64
+#define PXL8_WORLD_CHUNK_MAX_FRAGMENTS 255
 #define PXL8_WORLD_CHUNK_MAX_DATA_SIZE 131072
 
 typedef struct pxl8_world_chunk_cache_entry {